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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Risk factors for spinal cord injury?
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MVA
Young male Trauma High Falls Osteoporosis Diving Surfing |
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Primary prevention for spinal cord injury?
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Education - diving
Legislation Randomized Breathe Testing Seat belts, child safety seats, Safer roads & cars Random breath testing, legislation Helmut use, diving education, workplace safety Falls prevention measures and education |
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Secondary prevention for spinal cord injury?
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Protective Equipment – harnesses, helmets, etc
Improved retrieval, specialized care, early decompression |
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Tertiary prevention for spinal cord injury?
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Immobilization
Aggressive management Steroid injection Rehabilitation Rehabilitation programs Education and self management re: health maintenance (regular check ups, nutrition, exercise, pressure area care |
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Risk factors for stroke?
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Diabetes
Dyslipidemia FHx HTN Atrial fibrillation Age Males Myocardial infarction Smoking Cocaine OCP Obesity |
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Primary prevention for stroke?
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Discourage smoking
Promote healthy diet, active lifestyle Monitor BP |
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Secondary prevention for stroke?
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Lower BP
Antithrombotic agents Carotid revascularization Warfarin anticoagulation Lipid lowering agents Aspirin FAST |
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Tertiary prevention for stroke?
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Aspirin as soon as possible
Avoid full dose heparin Management in an acute stroke unit Thrombolysis if readily available |
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Risk factors for dementia?
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FHx
Head injury Low education ApoE4 Smoking Aluminium Down Syndrome Alcoholism Prion disease |
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Primary prevention for dementia?
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Healthy diet, exercise
Education |
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Secondary prevention for dementia?
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Cognitive exercises
MMSEs for elderly |
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Tertiary prevention for dementia?
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cholinesterase inhibitors
memantine (NMDA) antidepressants trazadone carer support |
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Risk factors for epilepsy/seizures?
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Idiopathic
FHx Head trauma Drug withdrawal |
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Primary prevention for epilepsy/seizures?
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Helmet laws
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Secondary prevention for epilepsy/seizures?
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Good compliance
Good sleep patterns Helmets Avoid strobes/triggers - hypoglycemia |
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Tertiary prevention for epilepsy/seizures?
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Medication
Avoid triggers |
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Risk factors for birth defects?
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Folate deficiency
Teratogenic medication smoking Maternal age |
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Primary prevention for birth defects?
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Education – age, toxins
Folate fortification |
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Secondary prevention for birth defects?
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Folate supplements
Abstain from alcohol |
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Tertiary prevention for birth defects?
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amniocentisis
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Risk factors for meningitis?
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URTI
Penetrating head injuries Neurosurgery Cancer & immunodeficient states Alcohol Contact with infected patients |
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Primary prevention for meningitis?
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Vaccination – influenzae, HIP
education |
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Secondary prevention for meningitis?
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Face masks & gowns
Prophylactic antibiotics notification |
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Tertiary prevention for meningitis?
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Antibiotics
Csteroids |
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Risk factors for migraine?
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Female
Travel Menstruation Stress Sleep deprivation OCPs |
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Secondary prevention for migraine?
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Prophylactic medication
Trigger avoidance |
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Tertiary prevention for migraine?
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Medication
Rest |
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Risk factors for Multiple Sclerosis?
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Female
Higher latitude (before age 16) FHx HLA – DR15 |
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Tertiary prevention for Multiple Sclerosis?
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Avoid heat
Csteroids Interferon-beta methotrexate |
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Risk factors for Parkinson's Disease?
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MPTP
Smoking Coffee Pesticides genetic |
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Secondary prevention for Parkinson's Disease?
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PPE – head
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Tertiary prevention for Parkinson's Disease?
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L-DOPA
DBS COMT inhibitors MOAI |
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Risk factors for depression?
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Childhood abuse
Thyroid disease Brain injuries Chronic disease Social isolation Parental mental health |
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Primary prevention for depression?
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Exercise & Diet
Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) Depression campaigns |
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Secondary prevention for depression?
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Exercise
Educating social support |
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Tertiary prevention for depression?
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Antidepressants
Exercise CBT/counselling ECT |
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Risk factors for schizophrenia?
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FHx
Drug abuse GAD-65 |
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Tertirary prevention for schizophrenia?
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antipsychotics
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Risk factors for thyroid disorders?
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Female
Thyro-gastric autoimmunity Iodine deficiency |
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Primary prevention for thyroid disorders?
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Iodine fortification (salt, milk)
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Secondary prevention for thyroid disorders?
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Investigations
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Tertiary prevention for thyroid disorders?
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Surgery
Medications Iodide supplementation Carbimazole or PTU |
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Risk factors for T2DM?
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Dyslipidemia
HTN Obesity FHx PCOS Age History of Gestational Diabetes ethnic |
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Primary prevention for T2DM?
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Food labels
Health promotion Smoking cessation |
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Secondary prevention for T2DM?
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Exercise
Diet Weight loss Monitor HbA1c Statins Education about food |
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Tertiary prevention for T2DM?
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Metformins
Insulins Regular monitoring HbA1c/BSLs |
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Risk factors for infertility?
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Age
Gynaecological issues Obesity Chronic disease Radiation Tubal disease misconception |
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Primary prevention for infertility?
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Promote exercise
education |
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Secondary prevention for infertility?
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Reduce BMI
More sex Investigations |
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Tertiary prevention for infertility?
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Adoption
Surrogacy IVF |
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Risk factors for steroid excess?
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Taking steroids
Pituitary tumour |
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Primary prevention for steroid excess?
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legislation
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Tertiary prevention for steroid excess?
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Remove steroids
Surgery for tumour Monitor Correct electrolyte imbalances |
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Risk factors for STIs?
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Unprotected sex
Multiple partners Other STIs Prior infection IVDU Sex worker MSM Contact with infected person |
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Primary prevention for STIs?
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Education
Barrier Contraception Immunization Abstinence Reportable disease |
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Secondary prevention for STIs?
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Barrier Contraception
Screen high-risk populations Targeted education |
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Tertiary prevention for STIs?
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Barrier Contraception
Antibiotics Antivirals Education Wart removal Contract tracing |
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Risk factors for obesity?
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Lower SES
smoking |
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Primary prevention for obesity?
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Active lifestyle
Good diet Food labels |
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Secondary prevention for obesity?
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Active lifestyle
Good diet |
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Tertiary prevention for obesity?
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Active lifestyle
Good diet |
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Risk factors for uterine cancer?
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Late menopause
Nulliparity Prolonged unopposed estrogen exposure Obesity Other cancers Familial Cancer Syndromes Polycystic ovarian disease Hypertension Diabetes |
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Secondary prevention for uterine cancer?
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Oral Contraceptive Pill
Alcohol Progestogens |
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Risk factors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
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Age
Male |
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Secondary prevention for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
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PSA
DRE |
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Tertiary prevention for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
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Alpha-inhibitors
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Risk factors for prostate cancer?
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Male
Age Genetics Urban Black High dietary fat smoking |
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Primary prevention for prostate cancer?
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Screening programs
Education Health Care Campaigns |
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Secondary prevention for prostate cancer?
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PSA
DRE |
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Tertiary prevention for prostate cancer?
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Finesteride
Radiotherapy |
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Risk factors for Acute Kidney Injury?
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Crush injuries, rhabdo
Hypotension Iatrogenic IV contrast Infection dehydration |
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Primary prevention for Acute Kidney Injury?
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Access to drinking water
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Secondary prevention for Acute Kidney Injury?
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Hydration
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Tertiary prevention for Acute Kidney Injury?
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Hydration
Correct electrolyte imbalance Dialysis Antibiotics Remove obstructions |
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Risk factors for Chronic Kidney Disease?
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T2DM
HTN GN Recurrent UTIs Indigenous Polycystic renal disease Analgesic renal disease Obstructive nephropathy |
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Secondary prevention for Chronic Kidney Disease?
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Screening
Monitoring Treat HTN Treat T2DM |
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Tertiary Prevention for Chronic Kidney Disease?
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Dialysis
Kidney transplant Low protein diet Dietary restrictions – water/Na, potassium, ACE-I |
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Risk factors for Kidney Stones?
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Dehydration
Genetic – AH-I/-II UTI – Summer (stone belt) |
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Primary prevention for Kidney Stones?
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Education
Varied diet |
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Secondary prevention for Kidney Stones?
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Vitamin C
Hydration Reduced caffeine and tomatoes |
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Tertiary prevention for Kidney Stones?
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Diet - Vitamin C,
Avoid – caffeine, tomatoes Nephrostomy Lithotripsy Allopurinol/ chlorthalidone |
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Risk factors for Gallstones?
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Fat
Female Fair Forties Age Estrogen (OCP, pregnancy) Rapid weight loss Bile stasis Hyperlipidemia syndromes Chronic haemolytics syndromes Increased unconjugated Bilirubin Biliary infection GI disorders – Crohn’s, CF |
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Primary prevention for Gallstones?
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Promote healthy lifestyle
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Secondary prevention for Gallstones?
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Low fat intake
Statins |
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Tertiary prevention for Gallstones?
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ERCP
Statins |
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Risk factors for peptic ulcers?
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H pylori
NSAIDs Stress ZE syndrome smoking |
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Primary prevention for peptic ulcers?
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Education re: NSAIDs
Legislation re: dosages |
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Secondary prevention for peptic ulcers?
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Triple therapy
Urea breathe test screen PPI |
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Tertiary prevention for peptic ulcers?
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Triple therapy
Quadruple therapy PPI |
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Risk factors for Acute Liver Disease?
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Alcohol
Hepatitis virus Paracetamol OD IVDU Haemachromotosis |
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Primary prevention for Acute Liver Disease?
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Vaccinations
Legislation – dosages Education re: alcohol |
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Risk factors for Acute Liver Disease?
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Vaccination
Needle exchange Protocol for needle stick injuries |
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Primary prevention for Acute Liver Disease?
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N-acetyl cysteine
Liver transplant Correct hypoglycaemia PPIs |
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Risk factors for Chronic Liver Disease?
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Alcohol
Hepatitis virus Paracetamol OD IVDU Haemachromotosis Alpha-1-antitrypsin def Wilson’s disease |
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Primary prevention for Chronic Liver Disease?
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Vaccinations
Legislation – dosages Education re: alcohol |
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Secondary prevention for Chronic Liver Disease?
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Vaccination
Needle exchange Protocol for needle stick injuries |
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Tertiary prevention for Chronic Liver Disease?
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Liver transplant
Antivirals Diurectics for encephalitis |
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Risk factors for Coeliac disease?
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White
Northern latitudes HLA-DQ2/DQ8 Female FHx |
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Primary prevention for Coeliac disease?
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Proper labelling
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Secondary prevention for Coeliac disease?
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Education
Biopsy |
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Tertiary prevention for Coeliac disease?
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Biopsy
GFD |
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Risk factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disorders?
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FHx
Autoimmune cluster Parental smoking Caucasian, Ashkenazi Jews Lack of smoking (UC) |
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Secondary prevention for Inflammatory Bowel Disorders?
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Alcohol avoidance
Smoking cessation |
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Tertiary prevention for Inflammatory Bowel Disorders?
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Steroids
Smoking cessation 5-ASA Methotrexate, azathioprine, 6-MP Antibiotics Antidiarrhoeals Infliximab Surgical resectioning |
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Risk factors for Infectious Diarrhoea?
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Low SES
Contact with infected individuals lack of clean drinking water poor food hygiene pregnancy elderly/young |
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Primary prevention for Infectious Diarrhoea?
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Purification of water
Vaccination Proper waste treatment Proper food hygiene |
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Secondary prevention for Infectious Diarrhoea?
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Proper food hygiene
Hand washing notification |
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Tertiary prevention for Infectious Diarrhoea?
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Antibiotics
Antidiarrhea agents Rehydration |
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Risk factors for Colorectal Cancer?
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HNPCC, FAP
Smoking Diet – high fat, meat, alcohol, IBD Age Adenomatous polyps Previous CRC, breast or gonadal cancers Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Diabetes Acromegaly Genes – hMSH2, hMLH1 |
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Primary prevention for Colorectal Cancer?
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Patient education
National screening program (fecal occult) Healthy lifestyle (diet/exer) |
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Secondary prevention for Colorectal Cancer?
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Screening >50yo
Colonoscopy/biopsy Diet Weight loss DRE Virtual colonoscopy CEA screening |
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Tertiary prevention for Colorectal Cancer?
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Surgery
Chemo/radiotherapy Palliation Mets screening Surveillance for re-occurrence |
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Risk factors for Lung Cancer?
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Smoking
Urban centre Occupational exposures Other cancers Radiation Arsenic, chromium, nickel HIV Parenchymal scarring |
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Primary prevention for Lung Cancer?
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OH&S
Legislation for smoking, asbestos Anti-smoking campaigns Age restrictions of smoking Regulation on air pollution |
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Secondary prevention for Lung Cancer?
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Smoking cessation
PPE – breathing apparatus Removing risk factors |
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Tertiary prevention for Lung Cancer?
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Treat paraneoplastic
Chemo/radio surgery |
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Risk factors for Cervical Cancer?
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Early age of sex
HPV infection (16,18) Female age |
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Primary prevention for Cervical Cancer?
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Population screening
Population vaccination Education |
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Secondary prevention for Cervical Cancer?
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Screening
Colposcopy Biopsy |
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Tertiary prevention for Cervical Cancer?
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Chemo/radio
Surgery - hysterectomy |
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Risk factors for Breast Cancer?
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Female
BRCA1/2 HRT/OCP |
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Primary prevention for Breast Cancer?
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Population screening – mammograms
Promote self-screening Education |
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Secondary prevention for Breast Cancer?
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Mastectomy
Screening Genetic testing |
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Tertiary prevention for Breast Cancer?
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Lumpectomy
Mastectomy Radiation Chemotherapy Aromatase inhibitor tamoxifen |
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Risk factors for HIV/AIDS?
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Unprotected sex
Other STIs Multiple partners IVDU Drug/alcohol use MSM Vertical transmission |
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Primary prevention for HIV/AIDS?
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Education – safe sex
Abstinence Circumcision legislation |
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Secondary prevention for HIV/AIDS?
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Vaccination
Caesarean sections Free condoms Targeted education |
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Tertiary prevention for HIV/AIDS?
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Antiretroviral therapy
Treat complications Education notification |
