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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Haddon Matrix cause of playground injury
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Host (boy)
Vehicle (play equipment) Agent (energy) Reservoir (environment) |
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Primary and Secondary Prevention for playground injury
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Reservoir (engineer visits site for hazard reduction)
and Vehicle (increase depth of bark on surface) |
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Active vs Passive Prevention
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Active: Host responds
Passive: No action required by host |
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Risk factors for hip fracture
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Age
Osteoporosis Low weight Confusion Sedative intake |
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Poor health and social outcomes that arise from hip fracture
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Death
Disability - loss of mobility and functionality Loss of independence - forced moved out of home into institutional care Diminished quality of life |
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Interventions effective in preventing hip fractures
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External hip protection
Combined Vit D and Calcium Bisphosphonates HRT for post-menopausal women |
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Likely causes of confusion
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Dementia
Acute injury Shock (related to acute injury) Dehydration |
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Diseases where screening is currently offered under a publicly funded program and where compelling evidence of effectiveness exists.
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Breast
Cervical Bowel |
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3 statistical measures to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a proposed screening program
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Confidence intervals
False positives False negatives Cost effectiveness Effect on mortality Effect on quality of life |
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Subgroups that are less likely to have screening, or have it in accordance with recommended time-points
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Older aged people
Lower SES Lower Education level People from NESB Indigenous Australians People with fears of hospitals or clinical procedures People with poorer access to services and free services |
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Possible causes of disturbed mental state in a 70y
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Depression
Dementia Malnutrition/dehydration Paranoia or other behavioural disorder |
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2 psychosocial or demographic factors that might have provoked a 70y to develop disturbed mental state
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Age
Recent bereavement Family history Social isolation Cognitive incapacity |
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Possible adverse outcomes of prolonged disturbed mental state
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Death
Disability in the form of progressive cognitive incapacity Suicide Poor health status because of malnutrition, dehydration and poor self-care Loss of independence Injury/accident leading to further disability and mortality |
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Distinguishing features of population and individual approaches to health intervention
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Intervention target
(Pop: whole population, specific subset; Ind: Specific people) Means of identifying target (Pop: Broad demographic characteristics e.g. age, sex, ethnic origin; Ind: Characteristics specific to individuals) Nature of intervention (Pop: Delivered to many people at once e.g. mass media, legislation, immunisation; Ind: Suitable for delivery only to particular people one person at a time) |
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Population approaches to primary prevention of T2DM
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Environmental changes to increase levels of physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour
Social marketing program to increase healthy eating Social marketing campaign to increase physical activity Legislative or regulatory action to reduce exposure thru mass media by unhealthy food producing companies Support for low income communities to improve their levels of physical activity and promote healthy eating |
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Individual approaches to primary prevention of T2DM
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Screening and intensive counselling and behavioural intervention to promote weight loss to those who are obese
Moderate to high-intensity counseling regarding a healthy diet to adults with hyperlipidaemia ona one-on-one basis |
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Secondary prevention measures should doctors take with their patients
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Use a fasting plasma glucose test to screen all adults with a BP > 135/80 for an elevated plasma glucose level
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Occupational exposure to asbestos
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Carpenter
Asbestos miner/miller Insulation work Asbestos products manufacture Navy |
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Steps to assess eligibility for compensation against asbestos exposure
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Seek legal advice
Contact NSW Dust Diseases Board |
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Will exposure to asbestos within the past 20 years exclude diagnosis of mesothelioma
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No.
10 year latency All fibre types can cause mesothelioma No threshold |
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Possible reasons Bill removed from underground work due to hearing loss
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Reduce further hearing loss
Bill unsafe to self Unsafe to others Reduce compensation claim by Bill |
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Disability from hearing loss
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Inability to hear instructions
Inability to hear warning signals, manmade and/or environmental |
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Factors affecting success or failure of discrimination claim for a person removed from job due to hearing loss
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Specific job to be done
Safety legislation overrides discrimination legislation Whether special provisions can be made |
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Key facts about asthma that show it to be a substantial disease burden for Australia
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High prevalence (11%)
School and work absenteeism High morbidity and hospitalization rates |
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Asthma 3+ plan key components
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Three consultations with GP
Written action plan Patient education and self-management |
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Main criteria for a disease to become national priority
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Significant disease burden
Potential health gains Support from all jurisdiction |
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List 3 family factors that may have contributed to 6mo Isabella’s problem (poor nutrition, poor health etc.)
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lack of support for the
mother, the mother’s mental health education level smoking. |
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List 3 broader social factors that may have contributed to 6mo Isabella’s health status on admission to hospital.
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welfare payments not
covering cost of living access to health care discrimination. |
