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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Player Piano
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For the first time you didn’t have to play the piano!
Technology Music that played itself |
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George Gershwin
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Made a lot of money by playing the piano roles.
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Piano roles
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Holes punched in a role as an individual played the piano.
(it started to cut into the jobs for pianists. They didn’t need them as much!) |
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Musical forms
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The skeleton of the music
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!!:A:!!~
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Strophic- one simple phrase of melody that repeats over w/ stroph.(inside line you repeat)
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!!:AB:!!~
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part A & part B..it could have multiple verses
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!!:ABA:!!~
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Ternary From= “twinkle twinkle little star”
(Tim Pan alley composers were using it back in the day) |
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!!: (AA)BA:!!~
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Song form
One trip through the from is called chorus B= bridge chorus |
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Arithra Franklin
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“amazing grace”
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Verse & Refrain
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Form a hook
The hook is what gets people’s attention= refrain (repetition and contrast is what makes up FORM) |
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Often times the bands would come up with different types of signals that would indicate whether or not they would finish or if they wanted to continue..
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A closed fist means this is the end.
Hand wheel (in a circle)- means keep going. |
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Vamping
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Taking one little measure and repeating it over and over.
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Judy Garland
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Followed !!: (AA)BA:!! Format. For example the song…
“come on get happy” |
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WWI
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brought about a need for labor.
There was opportunity in the North for African American’s |
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Henry Ford
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Could not find enough people.
He was looking for people…So anyone who came to Detroit he gave them a job in his factory. |
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1909
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Electricity & photograph record.
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Race record Industry
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Were recordings made by and made for the new population of black America!
They brought the BLUES! Gospel & the blues |
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The role of a blues musician
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it kept the history of the people
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The purpose of the blues
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Provide an outlet for the people.
For the pain of the people! It didn’t solve their problems. But was a hand on a shoulder…sort of speak |
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Blues
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State of mind
Are a specific musical form A style of performance |
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12 Bar blues~ (very popular
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I IV V I
AAB 3 lines of rhyme |
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The 2 Basic Principles of life
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Self Preservation= staying alive
Procreation= the act of finding a mate |
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MEN
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sang the country or rural blues
Mississippi delta (Birth place of most singers) Sung by men Free rhythmically (where ever the words went that’s where the music went) Topics of the rural community. ( the audience for the men was strictly the blacks/poverty) Openly sexual ( they used sexual language in a way that was funny) |
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Lead Belly
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(got the name from a stomach full of buck shot from a shot gun)
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Lead Belly
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Thief, a murderer
Cut 1000 lbs of cotton a day Singing “Work song”…no one was as famous as he was |
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Allen Lomax
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got Lead Belly out of prison so that he could record him.
Lead belly loved to sing about drinking |
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Signifying
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Prove that you are adult in the African culture.
It’s a series of test that test your strength, intelligent ect. They would throw insults @ them to test how many obscene comments they can take. |
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Blind Lemon Jefferson
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was blind)
“fat, dirty, and dissolute but excelled in country blues” He excelled in hidden meaning |
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Double Intender
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some thing that has two meanings or means something else.
(black community comes up with slang that the white people couldn’t understand) |
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Robert Johnson
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Popular in England
Dank Depresses Hopeless (NO one wrote dark songs like he did) Fascination w/ evil and w/ devil |
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1920’s Ladies
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were voting, wearing sleeveless shirts, showing legs, riding in cars.
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Ladies blues
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for the longest time they wanted to give their opinion and coudn't
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Female Blues singers
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Black woman that dressed in nice dresses, like a white woman, but when they got up on the stage...out a came the blues.
They put into words what the white woman couldn't say. They were super stars |
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Bessy Smith
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worked tent shows with mah rainey...in her teens. She learned from her.
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Mah rainey
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brought the vaudaville blues.
she cut them w/ humer and gave them a new theme. |
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who was calle the boss blues singer
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Mah rainey
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T.O.B.A
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was the proving ground. A way they could display their talent.
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bessie smith was....
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bold and beautiful and impossibly out of line.
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Bessie wrote
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"you hypnotize me"
"the devils music"..music about drinking and rage |
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the blues craze started with
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Mammy smith...
"that thing called love" ~this was the begining of blues in general |
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Luis armstrong
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brought jazz from luisinna to chicago
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Benny goodman
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Dixyland band w/ bessie smith
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the vaudaville blues
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its what happens when you mix theatre and blues
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Mah rainey
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she combined the vaudville stage with the blues..and it created the vaudville blues...she flourished on the road even when things got hard...her student bessie smith was very famous
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Bessie smith
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didn't have a problem with singing in a white band. she is the main one who brought blues to a white audience. She recorded everthing she could with everyone she could. She was beautiful...she lost her looks to food, alcohol and then she lost her popularity.
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HOw did bessie die
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she died in a car on the way to a black hospital..the white hospital would not help her.
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how many records did bessie sell in one years time?
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2 million records
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how many records did she sell on her 1st record in harlem alone?
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1 million records
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Mammy smith was the 1st one to what?
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Make a record
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Mammy smith..
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america had never heard a black woman on a phonograph before.
she recorded "the crazy blues" she made the entire black america buy a phonograph |
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oct 28th 1929 what happens?
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stock market crashes
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Great depression
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25% unemployement rate. a lot of people!!!!!!!!! Yearly income was $1368
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what was the life expectancy in the great depression?
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58y men
68 women |
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the great depression caused..
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10 million people to be out of work imediately.
30 thousand buisinesses to go out in one day. |
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How did people forget about the great depression?
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movies with sound
listening to the radio the record indoustry |
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Movies with sound
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65% of people went to the movies once a week, it only cost like a nickle then, 1930 the movie musical
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Listening to the radio
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It was all about live performance
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the record Indoustry
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A need for music. This an indoustry about making money.
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composer and Lyrisits
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Writers/words to a song.
Composers were the stars Songs were out there for everyone to sing, but composers were ones famous. |
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George Gershwin...
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he grew up in the getto
He and his brother Ira, they passed the tin pan alley on their way to school. he was influenced by the pop sound. |
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A STANDARD?
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a song by 1930 music, in NY, by one of the most famous composers.
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George gershwin...went and watched musicians where?
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at carnagie hall.
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What is the center of the theatre world?
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Broadway
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Gerswin....watched also?
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Broadway...he wanted to play the piano. One day a Piano showed up in his house and he sat down and played. The player pianos had tought his fingurs how to play!
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How old was gershwin when he began to write songs?
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15 years old
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who took gershwins music and made it famouse?
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Ale Jolesoro
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What did gershwin what to write tha classical composers didn't think he could do?
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a Piano concherto. The classical composers wanted to see him fail..but it was a success.
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What was the concherto called?
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Rapsody in Blue...it combind classical and popular music
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How did he die?
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He was 38 and he woke up with a head ache and found out that he had a tummor. There was nothing they could do back then
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Richard Rogers & Lorenz heart
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most important team...they wrote 28 shows..they were very prolific.
they wrote songs with a hook "this cant be love" |
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Oscar Hamerstine
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"the sound of music" by rogers and Hamerstine
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Victory at sea
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picked richard rogers
-it was of acctual wwII footage at sea |
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Kay swift
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very talented, she won scholarships to juliars school of music
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Who did Kay have a love affair with?
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George Gershwin..
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What did kay and Gerswin write?
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"fine and dandy"
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Dana suesse
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she wrote hip hop tunes in a classical venue
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anne Ronnell
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"baby's birthday party" was her first song she published
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3 little pigs
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singing who
(these songs were about story telling) |
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ballad
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means generally a slow and emotional song
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2 kinds of ballads...
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1. love song
2. song of deep emotion |
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the narrative song...there are two types..
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1. the historical narrative
2. topical narrative |
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the historical narrative is?
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holds interest because a good story is always fun to hear
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the topical narrative is?
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quick and clean, and describes a condition or situation in bold strokes and memorable.
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the humerous songs...2 kinds
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1. nonsese tunes
2. dialect songs |
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there are two types of strophic design...
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1. the single-unit
2. the verse-refrain |
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in the single unit...
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a complete story has been told
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In the verse refrain....
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the refrain serves as a recurring interlude which thrown the verses into bold relief to carry the message.
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Binary Form
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two part design
of A and B |
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Slightly different kind of Binary From would be...
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ABAC...show in the song
"moon river" |
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Thousands of pop songs come in what what form..?
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AABA..ternary form
Each unit has 8 measures, 32 measures in all |
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Besa me mucho refers to what form
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ABA..Ternary form
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the beatles used what form of music
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Ternary form..AABA
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the blues construction is what ?
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12-measures contract for the I chord, the IV chord, and the V chord in the key of c.
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Ragtime peaces
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grow out of 16 measure units
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Motown form
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is AAB...it moved away from traditional forms.when no one wanted change. the B serves as a HOOK>
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Modulation
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up a semitone...became over used
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The fade out...
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the tune lingers in the mind...became over used.
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Rock and roll tunes replaced old standards...
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they didn't end at all they just faded out.
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The psycho-emotional state...
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a sadness that could not be traced to any specific event.
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Blues lyrics address what?
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the deepest most permanent of human cercomstances in areas of personal financial and sexual and social.
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the country blues..
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will dockery hired people to work on his plantation and they turned out to very talented musicians.
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Who was the father of the delta blues?
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charlie patton..he worked on the plantation and was discoverd.
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blind lemon jefferson and texas alexander
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developed single line guitar techniques.
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City blues..
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refers the smiths and the ladies in blues
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of the five blues woman who was the most powerful?
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bessie smith
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who was called the "empress of blues"
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bessie smith
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Who was the mother of the blues?
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Mah rainey
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What was mah rainey's trait?
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she explored using double hidden meanings in her songs.
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Urban blues...
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Minnie douglas...or "memphis minnie
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what was minnie name in the streets?
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kid douglas
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What was BOOGIE WOOGIE?
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a second kind of urban blues, that grew up among piano players. Also known as fast music...
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Whats a boogies?
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its a rent party.. Where the pianist plays all night with a jar on the piano...in hopes to make enough to pay their rent.
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W. C Handy...
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father didn't want him to become a musician. so ran a way came back got his degree then deceided to try hi luck in the music buisiness and suceeded. He wrote the "the st. lous blues." he gained a prfit and he formed a publishing house.W. C. Handy publishing.
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St. Louis blues was played where?
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at the marriage of Prince George of England and Princess Marina of Greece.
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stage musicals
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were a perfect example of the jazz age
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book musical
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told a compelling story
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show boat
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was the first step toward a more heavier plot. It was agread that it is one of the greates shows in history.
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How did show boat break new grounds?
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1.It dealt with genuine people in a realistic emotional entanglements and the song grow out of dramatic circumstances.
2.There is a reason for the tune to occur. 3. the music is first quality all the way. |
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Story of show boat?
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its baiscally about people caught up in love situations that should not work because of class or culture differences.
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characterization
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whent the audience is drawn in by the character
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Libretto?
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(little book)..compresses teh sotry to set up situations that would be incomplete with out a song or dance sequence.
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sub plot
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to delay the inevitable and fairly obvious conclusion to the primary plot.
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1935 was the what..
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heart of the depression
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Porgy and Bess
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by brothers gorge and Ira gershwin..some say its an opera and others say its a musical comedy...but its above all normal shows. Gerwin calls it a folk opera
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Porgy and bess is
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a towering monument in the history of america's musical theatre. It asseses the deepest psycho-emotional concens in society.
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Musical satire
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use of wit, especially irony, sarcasm, and ridicule, to criticize faults in politics, marriage as well as many other things.
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Of the I sing
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writen by george gershwin and Ira gerswin...is full of satire. It received the Pulitzer Prize for drama. A first for a musical
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Porgy and Bess
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in a way set the STANDARD for all other musicals
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1900 films had been synchronized with what?
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cameraphone
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Boadway Melody
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the first all the talking,singing, all dancing screen musical
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Lights of New york
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the first all-talking (but not singing) movie
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Backstage musical
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a musical within a musical
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film revue
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studios would provide a string of their talent. People under contract.
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Operetta
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a comical opera
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Campus musical
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help raise money for the school
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animated musical
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Disney empire...Snow white started it all.
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dubbing
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record another woman singing for a leading lady who could not meet the demands of the musical.
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difference between movies and theatres...
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Movies not as pretty, so they converted the theatres into movies houses to try to give the same experience and built new theatres.
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the 4 difference between movie and theatre.
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1.film loses that electrifying exchange between performer and audience.
2. teh social ritual 3. the live sound of the song 4. the close up.. |
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who was the father of the hollywood musical?
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Al jolson
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who was the king and queen of hollywood?
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Fred Astaire adn Ginger Rogers
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Who was the prince and princess?
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Gene Kelly and Judy Garland
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Fred Astaire...
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moved to NY and was propelled into show business. He became the most important dancer in entertainment history.
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Fred Astaire...made speciality out of dancing with what?
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Inanimate objects.
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Ginger Rogers
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took her stepfathers last name rogers to go with ginger. she was teamed up with fred astaire and they were the ultimate dancing team.
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Judy Garland
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Louis B. Mayer heard her sing and signed her to a contract. She became MGM's most valuable property.
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How did judy garland die?
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upper and downers, at the age of 47
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How did judy garland get the part in the wizard of oz
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MGM could not get shirly temple to do it and Judy garland was to old but she did end up doing it...and now she is famous for it.
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Gene Kelly
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he was a typical american boy. he created "singing in the rain"
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Harry Lillis Crosby ?
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was called by his highschool friends "BING" after a comic character bingo. He sang to his audience in a new soothing, tender way. in a mic "crooning"
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Why did Bing crosby use a microphone?
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to emphasize the meaning of the words.
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Frank sinatra
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he dropped out of highschool to sing in amateur saloons. Tommy dorsey signed him to a contract. soon he decieded to go alone and broke the contract. He had replaced Bing Crosby as best pop vocalist.He was called a "swooner"
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Busby Berkeley
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was a drama director..he like to choreograph his own moves.
(think calidascope movements) |
