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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Theorists before Darwin
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Georges Cuvier
Charles Lyell Jean Lamarck |
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Studied fossils
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Georges Cuvier
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Realized that lower layers in strata had older fossils
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Georges Cuvier
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Lower layers more dissimilar to...
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modern species
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Studied geology
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Charles Lyell
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Created the Theory of uniformity
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Charles Lyell
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Geologic processes have no changed throughout earth's history
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Theory of uniformity
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What is the Theory of uniformity?
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geologic processes have not changed throughout earth's history; happens gradually over time; therefore the earth must be very old
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Happens gradually over time
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Theory of uniformity
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Therefore the earth must be very old
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Theory of uniformity
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Proposed a theory that acquired characteristic that could be passed on to offspring
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Jean Lamarck
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His theory was disproved
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Jean Lamarck
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The Darwin Wallace Theory
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1. Variation exists in living organisms
2. More of each kind of organism is produced than can possible survive 3. Competition results 4. The fittest survive 5. These survivors live longer, reproduce more, and pass their successful or fit characteristics on to their offspring so that in the next generation there are more individuals with the successful variation or characteristic |
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The Darwin Wallace Theory is also known as?
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natural selection
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Charles Darwin's controversial book
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On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
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...leads to much more variation in a species than....
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sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction
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Seven levels of classification
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Kingdom
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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Classify humans according to the 7 levels of classification
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Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primate Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo Species - sapiens |
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First used The Binomial System of Nomenclature
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Carolus Linnaeus
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Species is defined as a group of organisms
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1. with similar characteristics
2. with a common ancestry 3. which are capable of interbreeding and producing fetile offspring |
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What is the nucleotide DNA made of?
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1. sugar - 5C pentose deoxyribose
2. phosphate 3. nitrogenous bases - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
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What hold together the 2 strands of DNA?
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hydrogen bonds
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Which direction do DNA strands grow?
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5' --> 3'
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When does DNA synthesis occur?
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S period of Interphase
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The order of protein synthesis - Transcription & Translation
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DNA (Transc) --> mRNA --> (Transl) tRNA- A.A --> protein
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What is the nucleotide RNA made of?
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1. sugar - 5C pentose ribose
2. phosphate 3. nitrogenous bases - Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine |
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Coding DNA
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Exons
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Code for proteins
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Exons
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Made into a protein
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Exon
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Non-coding DNA
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Introns
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Where does Translation occur?
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at the ribosome
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Site of protein synthesis
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ribosome
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RNAi =
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RNA interference
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What does RNAi do?
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block Translation
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2nd Control Mechanism
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RNAi
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Type of RNAi
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dsRNA
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dsRNA =
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double stranded RNA - "dicer"
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What does a dsRNA do?
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acts as an enzyme and chops up dsRNA into small pieces
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2nd mechanism to control gene expression
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dicer
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What happens when the small pieces of dsRNA bind to the tail?
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stops translation
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What happens if dicer does not take place?
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1. mRNA goes to ribosome
2. Translation occurs 3. mRNA will be read in the 5' --> 3' direction 4. For every mRNA codon, there is a complementary tRNA anticodon with an A.A. |
