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356 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aisle
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a passage through audience seating
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apron
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Section of the STAGE floor which projects towards or into the AUDITORIUM. In PROSCENIUM theatres, the part of the stage in front of the HOUSE CURTAIN, or in front of the PROSCENIUM ARCH.
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arena
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a stage where the audience are seated on at least two, normally all four, sides of the whole acting area. "theater in the round"
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auditorium
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the part of the theatre accommodating the audience during the performance. sometimes known as the house.
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backstage
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the part of the STAGE and theatre which is out of the sight of the audience. the service areas of the theater.
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balcony
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an upper level in the auditorium. often overhanging the orchestra or mezzanine.
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black box
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a kind of flexible studio theatre where the audience and actors are in the same room
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boom
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a vertical pipe in the wings on which lighting instruments are hung
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booth (control room)
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room at the rear of the auditorium (in a proscenium theater) where lighting and sometimes sound is operated from
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border
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piece of masking that runs above the scenery horizontally across the stage. usually made of black velour.
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box office
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part of the theater front of the house area where audience members can buy tickets.
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bridge
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a walkway, giving acces to technical and service areas above the stage of auditorium, or linking fly-galleries. (see also CATWALK)
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catwalk
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an access walkway to equipment. unlike a BRIDGE, not necessarily across a void.
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centerline
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imaginary guideline that runs upstage-downstage directly in the center of the proscenium arch or the center of the space. (abbreviated CL)
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cyclorama
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"cyc". curved plain cloth or plastered wall filling the rear of the stage. often used as a "sky" backing to a traditional set, or as the main backing for a dance piece etc. term often loosely applied to a blue sky DROP.
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deck
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floor of stage
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dressing rooms
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rooms containing clothes racks and mirrors (often surrounded with lights) in which actors change into their costumes and apply make-up
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drop
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a large, flat-sewn piece of fabric usually with a scene painted on it. often hung from a PIPE and flown.
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elevator/lift
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mechanism, often found ina trap, used to raise and lower SCENERY into and out of the playing area
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fire curtain
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flame-proof curtain that rides in the smoke pocket, just upstage of the house curtain. in case of fire, this curtain seals the STAGE off from the HOUSE.
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electric
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a pipe that is dedicated to the hanging of lighting instruments
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flat
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usually a 4x8 framework of wood or metal covered in fabric of thin plywood. it is a basic set piece used to construct walls, create MASKING, etc
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fly gallery
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high working platform at the side(s) of the stage (above RAIL) from which the flying lines are handled. often are also the site for socket panels for connecting flown lighting apparatus to dimmers, and also sometimes a lighting position.
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fly loft
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open space above STAGE created by the extension of the stage walls upward. allows scenery to be flown up until it is out of sight of the audience. contains GRID>
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front of house (FOH)
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every part of the theater in front of the PROSCENIUM ARCH or outside of the backstage area. includes foyer areas open to the general public.
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green room
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room close to the stage for the actors to meet and relax
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grid
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1) support structure close to the top of the FLY LOFT which the pulleys of the fly system are supported.
2) arrangement of pipes from which lighting instruments are hung in a performance space with no flying facilities |
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house
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1) the audience
2) the auditorium |
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House Curtain (main Curtain, Grand Drape.)
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a permanent fixture of most proscenium theaters. it is a decorative curtain, usually made of velour which separates the stage from the audience
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house teaser (grand valance)
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the top, horizontal, usually stationary, part of a traditional proscenium/house curtain setup.
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leg
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vertical masking found in the WINGS (often to hide booms) usually made of black velour, but sometimes are hard FLATS
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masking
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often made of black velour, any piece of scenery,soft or hard, that is used to hide the backstage area and activities from the audience.
BODER, LEG and TAB |
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orchestra pit
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the area housing the orchestra. originally, a lower section between the front of the stage and the audience; now describes any area around the stage housing the musicians.
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pin rail
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(or just RAIL) area of the stage in a theater with a fly system where fly lines are belayed and manipulated
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pipe (batten)
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usually 1 1/2 black pipe from which drops, scenery, or lighting instruments are hung. GRID is often composed of PIPE(s)
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paster line (setting line)
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imaginary line running arcross the width of the stage, in line with upstage side of the PROSCENIUM ARCH, which is marked on the ground plan and is used as a reference when planning furniture layouts, etc.
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platform
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usually a 4x8 piece of 3/4'' plywood with 2x4 framing. it is a basket set piece used to create different levels on the stage
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prop
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"property." these include furniture, and other small objects manipulated by actors on stage.
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proscenium arch
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the opening in the wall which stands between STAGE and AUDITORIUM in some theaters; the picture frame throughout which the audience sees the play. some theaters don't have one or it isn't fancy decorated.
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revolve
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a large "turntable" built into the STAGE itself, used to help change SCENERY
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raked stage
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a sloping stage which is raised at the back (upstage) end. all the theaters used to be built with raked stages. nowadays the stage is flat and the auditorium is raked to improve view of stage.
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scenery
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refers to any show-specific construction, drop, etc that is intended to be seen by the audience and create the world for the actors
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soft goods
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refers to any MASKING or SCENERY that is made primarily of fabric.
DROP, BORDER, HOUSE CURTAIN, LEG, etc |
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smoke pocket
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a vertical steel channel on the upstage edges of the proscenium arch which the edges of the fire curtain travel
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stage
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the part of the theater on which performances happen, adjacent to the AUDITORIUM
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tab
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a piece of upstage-downstage soft masking (often black velour) usually with splits in it to allow actors, props, etc to pass through. tabs are usually positions just off-stage of the LEGs.
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trap
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a hole in the STAGE DECK. many theaters have systems of traps with removable covers and ELEVATORS
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VOM (vomitorium)
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an entranceway for audience members into the auditorium)
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wagon
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a low platform on wheels used to move scenery and/or props on and off the stage
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wings
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refers to area just off-stage to the sides of the proscenium. you'll find LEGs, BOOMS and TABs
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thrust stage
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also called 3/4 staging. audience members are seated on three sides of the performing area. the fourth side is usually an abbreviated proscenium and stage house.
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table saw
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a large power tool that consists of a circular saw blade, mounted on an arbor. blade driven by electric motor. blade protrudes thru surface of table, gives material support.
~~*rips lumber, cuts plywood, makes dados, rabbets and bevels |
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cross cut miter saw
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a table moutned saw that has a routing blade. the blade can slide back and forth across cutting area. blade may also be adjusted to cut a variety of angles.
~~* cross cutting dimensional lumber, cutting miters and compound angles. |
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chop saw
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similar to cross-cut miter saw, but does not "pull" across material being cut, blade just pivots downward from fixed point
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band saw
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blade is narrow band of toothed metal. this band rides on 2 wheels in same vertical plane with a space between them. radius of curve that can be cut on particular saw determined by width of blade.
~~*cuts irregular shapes and curves, cuts small pieces |
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drill press
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a powered vertical drilling machine in which the drill is pressed to the work automatically or by a hand lever.
~~* drills accurately placed and angled holes, cutting mortises |
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belt/disk sander
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a bench mounted sanding tool that consists of an abrasive disk and an abrasive belt mounted to electric motor. objects are sanded by pressing them against the moving disk or belt.
~~* shapes and rough finishes wood and other materials |
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abrasive saw
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similar to a chop saw, but with an abrasive cutting disk instead of a blade
~~*cuts metal pipe, tubing, strap, etc |
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bench grinder
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a bench mounted motor powering one or two grinding wheels
~~* sharpens tools, shapes metal |
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air compressor
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a machine that compresses and directs air. consists of motor and large tank
~~* powers PNEUMATIC tools |
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tape measure
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ribbon of cloth, plastic or metal with linear measurement markings, often in both imperial and metric units
~~* determines distances |
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cahlk line
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a tool consisting of enclosed spool of string with powdered chalk inside. user can stretch string to a particular length then pluck string to create a straight chalk mark on surface.
~~* marking long, straight marks |
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framing square
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a flat piece of metal shaped like an L, with measurements along both legs of the L
~~* checks the "square" of a corner, making perpindicular marks on long pieces of wood |
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speed square
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a speed square is a triangular shaped measuring tool
~~* makes perpendicular marks on bordrs, rafter and roof layout |
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combination square
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consists of blade, usually iwth measurement markings and a stop. the stop can be moved along the blade and locked into position with thumb screw. stop often contains small spirit level.
~~* various measuring, marking and squaring operations |
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carpenter's level
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looks like short plank of wood or I-beam. embdedded in middle is a small window/windows where spirit level is mounted. two notches (or rings) designate where bubble should be if surface is elvel
~~* determines if a surface is level or perp to level |
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bevel gauge
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consists of metal blade and wooden handle joined by a wing-nut assembly
~~* copy&measure irregular angles |
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hand saw
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general term for number of small saws used with one hand
~~* rip and crosscutting lumber |
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backsaw and japanese pull saw
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short rectangular saw with fine teeth and a rigid "spine" along the top of the blade.
--Japanese Pull Saw is a backsaw with a double sided blade mounted on the end of a handle. ~~* making fine cuts in wood often for dovetails, etc. for work in close, hard to reach areas. |
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wood chisel
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a wedge or other specially shaped blade. it is either struck with a mallet or pushed by hand
~~* gouges and shapes wood |
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file
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a steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its surfaces
~~*shapes or smooths wood or metal |
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surform tool
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uses a special cutting screen, like a cheese grater, to scrape off excess material
~~* rough shaping of wood, foam, etc. quick, rough removal of wood |
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mat or utility knife
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retractable razor blade housed in a metal enclosure
~~* cutting numerous thin materials |
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tin snips
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same principals as common scissors, but are able to handle thicker & harder material
~~* cutting thin sheet metal and other thin materials |
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claw hammer
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the most basic tool in woodworking, consisting of a metal head with hooked claw mounted on a wooden handle
~~* driving and removing nails from stock |
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ball peen hammer
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hammer consisting of one rounded end and one flat end on the hammer head
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socket wrench
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a socket wrench is a type of wrench, or tightening tool, that uses separate, removable sockets to fit many different sizes of nuts.
~~* tightening nuts |
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box wrench
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designed to fit one size nut. the end that fits over and grips the nut is an enclosed circle
~~* holds and tightens nuts |
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crescent wrench
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an adjustable wrench designed to fit hexagonal nuts with the adjusting screw built into the head of the wrench
~~* holds and tightens nuts |
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vise grip
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brand name for a type of locking pliers
~~* holds objects in place or together |
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pliers
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a variously shaped hand tool having a pair of pivoted jaws used for holding, bending or cutting
~~* grips and holds an object or fasetner |
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hex key or allen wrench
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rod, with one part bent at a right angle to provide leverage, it has a hexagonal cross section designed to fit a hex socket or Allen screw (those easypeasy screws)
~~* tightens allen screws |
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screw driver (common and philips)
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handle with a driving head attached. comes in various sizes and styles, such as flathead, Phillips, square head and Torx.
~~* driving and removing screws |
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C Clamp
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a clamp with a C-Shaped frame and an adjustable screw
~~* holds objects in place or together |
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wood clamp
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a clamp consisting of two wooden cross-members connected by two threaded rods with handles on the ends. rods can twist to adjust the cross-members into many angles
~~* holds objects in places or together. will not mar wooden surfaces like a metal clamp |
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qucik grip clamp
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type of bar clamp that is tightened by squeezing a levered handle. quicker and lighter to set up than a conventional bar clamp.
~~* holds objects in place or together |
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pipe or blar clamp
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designed for spanning wide work, it has a metal pipe with screw clamps and an adjustable stop mounted on pipe. clamping mechanism is position along length of bar to fit appropriate size...there's a screw for fine adjustments
~~* holds large obejcts in place or together |
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spring clamp
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a scissor-action clamp with a coiled spring at its axis. comes in various sizes.
~~* holds objects in place or together |
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staple gun
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stapler powered by squeezing a levered handle
~~* attaching thin materials, like fabric and cardboard, to other materials |
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hot glue gun
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gun shaped glue applicator. trigger feeds sticks of cold glue into a heating chamber. molten glue forced out of nozzle at front.
~~*bonding two materials together--fabcric, wood, foam, etc. |
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sand paper
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abrasive coated paper. comes in a variety of types and abrasive levels, called grits.
~~* smoothes and shapes wood |
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nail puller
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any of various tools
~~*removing a nail from a piece of wood (demolition) |
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crow bar
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heavy steel bar with one end made into a wedge and other bent into a hook with claw foot
~~*pries apart objects and as a lever (demolition) |
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pry (wonder) bar
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tool made of a flat piece of steel with one hooked end and several notches for pulling nails
~~*pulls nails and pries apart objects |
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bolt cutter
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metal cutting device that has scissor-like cutting jaws and long handles to provide leverage.
~~* cuts bolts and heavy steel cable (demolition) |
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drill
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handheld, powered tool that spins a bit inserted into its chuck.
~~* drills holes or drives/removes screws |
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cordless drill/screw gun
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handheld, battery powered tool that spins a bit inserted into its chuck.
~~* drills holes or drives/removes screws |
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drill twist drill bit
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bits used in wood and metals to make clearance holes for bolts&screws. makes holes for tapping. only bits marked S or HSS are suitable for drilling in metals.
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spade drill bit
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for fast drilling of holes in wood. have forged, flat paddle with a point and cutting edges on one end and fit into 1/4''; and larger drills on the other end
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driver bit
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any of various bits designed to fit into a screw head and drive the screw
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countersink bit
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bit designed to drill a shallow conical hole that accepts the head of a common wood screw
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circular saw
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handheld power saw with a rotating circular blade
~~* rips and cross-cuts lumber and other materials |
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saber/jig saw
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handheld power saw with a thin reciprocating blade.
~~* marks curved and detailed cuts in thin wood |
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reciprocating saw or sawzall
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heavy duty, hand held power saw with large, front mounted reciprocating blade
~~* demolition, rough cutting of wood and material |
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side grinder
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hand-held motor with abrasive wheel attached.
~~* shaping and smoothing metal and removing wood |
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belt sander
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type of power sander with a continuous revolving abrasive belt
~~* removes and shapes wood |
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palm sander
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small finishing sander that spins or vibrates a piece of SANDPAPER or abrasive disk
~~*smooths wood |
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router
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rotary power tool which accepts specially shaped bits.
~~* shaping the endes of, or creating grooves in wood |
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upholstery stapler
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air-powered tool used to drive staples
~~* air-powered version of staple gun |
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narrow-crown stapler
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air-powered tool used to drive staples
~~* attaches wood together |
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nail gun
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air-powered tool used to drive nails and brads
~~*attaches wood together for construction |
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impact wrench
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air-powered tool similar to soccer wrench
~~tightening nuts and driving lag screws |
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dimensional lumber
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~~1 x 4 feet in length -- actually 3/4'' x 3 1/2 feet in length
~~2 x 4 feet in length -- actually 1 1/2''x 3 1/2 feet in length ~~5/4 x etc. actually 1'' x etc. ~~* framing for platforms and flats, support walls and legs, general construction |
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plywood
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type of sheet good made my laminating thin layers of wood. each grain of each layer running perpendicular to opposing layer. very strong for its thickness.
MADE OF PINE ~~* platform lids, stage decking, any application where a thin, strong sheet good is required |
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luan
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usually very thin ply-wood (1/8 or 1/4'') that is made of Phillipine Mahogony instead of pine.
~covering "hard cover" flats, prop and furniture construction |
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masonite or hard-board
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a sheet good that is made of compressed wood pulp. tempered and untempered (tempered has darker color. harder. easier to paint.)
show decks, platform tops, covering "hard cover" flats. |
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homasote
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sheet good made of compressed, recycled paper.
~making bricks or stone, relief carving, noise deadening |
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steel
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an alloy of iron with other metals and carbon, having a range of properties, and usually very durable. more flexible & stronger than wood.
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aluminum
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a non-ferrous, lightweight, corrision-resistant metal not as flexible or strong as steel. much lighter.
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gauge
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the different thicknesses of metal. lower the gauge the thicker the metal.
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box (metal shape)
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hollow tubes of metal
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strap (shape of metal)
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flat, solid bars of metal
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angle or channel (metal shape)
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a piece of strap that has been shaped into an angle of channel
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I beam (metal shape)
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an "I" shaped metal beam
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black pipe
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steel pipe with a black lacquer coating.
~~* battens, booms and constructing lighting grids |
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rear-projection (RP) screen
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a special, thin, plastic screen designed to effectively transmit light and images that are projected onto the back of it. (shower curtain amterial thing)
~~* cycloramas, any projection application where shadows from front projection might be a problem. |
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plexiglass
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generic term for any kind of "glass". comes in many thicknesses, colors and surface textures
~~* windows, signs, light boxes |
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dance marley
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plastic dance surface that can be rolled out and taped down ont oa stage to make it "danceable" white, black or gray color.
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styrofoam
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trademark name of a rigid, lightweight, polystyrene plastic insulating board
~~* carving, sound insulation |
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velour
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velvet-like appearance.
~~* fabric for front curtains, legs, borders, etc |
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duvetyne
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light absorbing, brushed matte finish on one side. because of its light weight, it is only minimally effective at concealing lighted areas. better for covering objects than space
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commando cloth
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very similar to duvetyne but heavier and available in a variety of colors. virtually impermeable to light and is sometimes used as a less expensive version of velour
~~* general soft masking and covering masking flats |
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muslin
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a plain woven cotton fabric. muslin is available in a variety of weights and widths.
~~* used for both opaque and translucent backdrops, as well as for bounce drops and cycs |
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scrim
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when scrim is lit from the front at an oblique angle the area behind the scrim is dark, the scrim appears to be opaque. when the scene behind the scrim is illuminated it becomes "visible" and the lights on the front of the scrim becomes "invisible"
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white glue
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any of a variety of glues that is white when wet & dries semi-hard and semi-opaque
~~* adhering paper, wood, foam, etc. create semi-hard coating |
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flex glue
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a kind of glue that looks like white glue, but dries clear and remains flexible when set.
~~* adhering paper, wood foam, fabric, etc. clear flexible bond is desired. |
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wood glue
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usually a PVA (polyvinyl acetate) based glue specially formulated for bonding wood. it is light yellow in color when wet and dries hard, with a transluscent yellow color.
~~* bonding wood to wood |
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construction adhesive
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specially adhesive that is sold in tubes and has a thick caulk-like consistency. it comes in many formulations, depending on what materials you wish to bond together.
~~* adheres almost anything to almost anything else. used when mechanical fasteners are not a good option. |
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contact cement and green glue
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flexible contact adhesive that is brushed or rolled onto both objects that are being joined. after the glue is set, very strong bond is formed when two objects are pressed together.
-- green glue is water-based, less-toxic type of contact ~~* bonding large flat surfaces of foam, thin plastics, wood sheet goods, etc. |
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spray adhesive
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a spray-on adhesive, in an aerosol can.
~~* similar to contact cement |
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common nail
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a nail with a large head and a thick shank
~~* building platforms, attaching bracing and other heavy construction |
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finish nail
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a nail with almost no head and slender shank. designed to be driven below the surface of the wood using a nail set.
~~* props and furniture building |
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brad nail
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very small nail
~~* attaches small and/or delicate pieces, props and furniture construction |
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pneumatic nail
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available in all of the above types, but specially made to be driven with a pneumatic nail-gun
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screws in general
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provide a stronger method of fastening than nails because of their auger-like threads that grip materials
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head types
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phillips
slotted star hex McFeely |
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flat-head screwq
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used for joining wood to wood--head can be counter sunk so that it is flush with surface
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round-head screw
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used for attaching thin materials to wood, where countersinking is not desired
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drywall
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coarse-threaded, self-tapping, self-countersinking screws originally designed to secure drywall panel to studs. now used for almost every kind of scenery construction.
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sheet metal screw
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screws used to join sheets of metal
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tech screw
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self-tapping screw used most often to attach wooden sheet goods to a metal frame
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lag screw
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a large screw with a hex shaped head used mainly for securing large objects to the theater deck
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staples in general
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U-Shaped fastners with pointed ends
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upholstery staples
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usually medium crown, light gauge staples used for securing fabric to wood
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construction staples
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usually narrow crown, heavy gauge staples used in place of nails in wood construction
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bolts in general
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threaded rods with heads for tightening in conjuction with nut
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carriage bolt
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round headed bolt, with a square underside that digs into the woods surface, used to attach wood to wood or metal to wood
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hex head (machine) bolt
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bolts used to attach metal to metal, but can be used with wood, if washers are used to reinforce the holes
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flat washers
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used to increase surface are around holes, protecting the surface and strengthening the attachment point
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lock washers
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looks like a flat washer but has been split and bent. used to keep nuts from coming loose
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fender lock
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a washer with an extremely large amount of additional surface area
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hex nut
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used with bolts to close and tighten, they are hexagonally shaped for use with wrenches
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loose pin hinge
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a hinge consisting of two plates that are joined by a removable pin
~~* can be used like a hinge, but in stagecraft, most often used for joining scenery together |
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tight pin hinge
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like a loose pin hinge, except central pin cannot be removed
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strap hinge
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instead of two plates, two long tapering leaves are joined by a fixed pin
~~* hinging large, heavy objects, like loading doors |
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casters
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wheel and axel assemblies that can be attached to the bottom of scenery, furniture etc. so that it can roll around easily.
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swivel caster
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caster with a frame mounted on ball bearings that can spin 360 degrees allows very free movement
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straight caster
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caster with a rigid frame, allows back and forth movement only
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angle iron
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piece of strap bent into a 90 degree angle with holes in it for attaching a brace
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corner plate
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an L shaped piece of plate steel with holes in it for attaching as a corner brace
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tee plate
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like a corner plate, but "T" shaped
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stage screw
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large, hand driven screw used to anchor scenery to the stage floor.
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improved stage screw
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like stage screw, but adds a threaded insert, which when inserted into the deck makes the connection, more secure and simpler
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coffin lock
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a hidden locking mechanism that is actuated with a hex-key. used to lock platforms and other scenery together.
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instrument
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general term for a piece of lighting equipment
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hang
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refers to the time (or times) when the electricians place instruments in the positions indicated by the light plot, and circuit them accordingly. a hang and rough focus is one of the preliminary steps in preparing the light for a show.
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focus
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refers to the time when the lighting designer, working with the electricians, designates the specific focus of each instrument
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beam angle
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the angle at which the beam of light widens as it leaves the instrument
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house lights
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the lights used to illuminate the auditorium before and after a performance and during intermission. these can range from simple incandescent lighting to grand chandeliers.
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light plot
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a scale drawing detailing the exact location of each instrument used in a production and any other petinent information (eg it's dimmer number, focus position and color number.)
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master electrician
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the senior member of the theater's stage lighting team
not necessarily lighting designer |
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practical
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any object which appears to do onstage the same job it would do in life, or any working apparatus.
electrified prop |
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fresnel
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lighting instrument with graduated lens that throws a soft, generally defocused beam of light. most Fresnels allow for some control
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ERS
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ellipsoidal reflector spotlight (ERS)
LEKO Source 4 type of stage lighting instrument. named for ellipsoidal reflector used to intensify the light of back-loading lamp through the barrel and lens. ellipsoidal may also be referred to as PROFILE SPOTLIGHTS. ellipsoidals are used for their strong, well defined light, controllability and clear focus. |
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par/par can
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parabolic alumised reflector lamp. a lamp containing a filament, reflector and lens in one sealed unit. produce high intensity narrow beam of light. par lamps are available in many different sizes and powers
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strip light
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lighting ficture is a long row of small lights. use gels to make these lights diff. colors. the unit can be wired into different circuits, so each bank of colored lights is controlled by a separate dimmer. light up cyc.
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circuit
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conductive path, through which electricity flows
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series
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two or more circuit components connected end to end like a daisy chain. single path for electic component
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parallel
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two or more circuit components are connected like rungs of a ladder. provides separate paths for current thru each components. gives same voltage across all its components.
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color temperature
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measure of warmth or coolness of light sources and colors. measured in Kelvin. daylight is 56000K and Tungsten Halogen is 3200K
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follow spot
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powerful instrument usually fitted with its own dimmer, iris, color magazine and shutters mounted in or above the auditorium. used with operator so light beam cna be moved around stage to follow an actor
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moving light
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automated lighting insrument that's focus, direction, color can be controlled by lighting console
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tungsten
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steel-gray metal. robust physical properties, especially has highest melting point of all the non-alloyed metals and second highest of all elements after carbon. "warm" source of light
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HMI
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Hydragyrum Medium arc-length Lodide
mercury halide discharge lamp with color temperature of 5600 K daylight. often used for film lighting. |
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metal halide
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not really found for theatrical lighting. used in street and warehouse lighting.
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LED
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light emitting diode.
bright enough sources for theatrical applications |
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strobe
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device giving a fast series of very short intense light flashes which can have the effect of making action appear intermitten
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barn doors
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rotate-able attachment, consisting of two or four metal flaps, which is fixed to the front of a Fresnel or other instrument to reduce beam spread in one or more directions
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top hat
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black metal tube mounted to a frame that can slide into gel slot of a lighting instrument. helps ot hide glare at source
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gobo
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thin metal plate etched to produce a design which can be projected by a profile spotlight (foliage, windows) used to soft focus to add texture, rather than defined image
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iris
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adjustable aperture which, when placed in front of ERS, varies size of a beam of light
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dowser
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metal louvers used in larger follow spots and projection equipment to dim the light beam without cutting of the electrical supply
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lamp
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light bulb
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shutter
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accessory for an ERS. metal blade which can be used to shape edge of beam. shutters (normally four) are located in the gate at the center of the instrument. similar to barndoors
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yoke
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U-shaped bracket between the unit and the C-Clamp
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C-clamp
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clamp on yoke of most lighting units; requires a wrench to tighten
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gel frame
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a frame which holds the color filter in the guides at the front of an instrument. many different sizes of frames are needed for the different instruments.
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gel
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thin sheet of colored plastic. placed in a gel frame and inserted into lighting instrument to add color to beam of light.
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scroller
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type of color changer where a long string of up to 11 colors is passed horizontally in front of a instrument. remotely controlled by lighting board
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dirchroic filter
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glass color filters which reflect all light except that which is the color of the filter, which passes through. like a selective rectangular prism. longer lasting, but a lot more expensive
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cable
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wiring, temporarily rigged, to carry electrical current. cables used to supply individual instructions, whole dimmer racks, or carry signals from a microphone etc
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two-fer
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connector which allows two or more electrical devices to be connected to a single power outlet
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cue
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~ any prearranged signal, such as last word in speech, piece of business, action or lighting change that indicates performer/stage manager to next action
~in lighitng--> particular "state" in lighting board. numbered set of all channels and what they are doing at a particular moment. |
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light board
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computer device that controls the levels of lighting instruments
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channel
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on the light board, a channel is a numbered address that is assigned to a dimmer and/or instrument
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circuit
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actual, wired path between a dimmer and instrument. in larger theaters, circuits may be numbered and installed permanently
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dimmer
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electrical or electronic device which controls the amount of electricity passed to an instrument and thus intensity of lamp
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dimmer rack
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number of individual dimmer units mounted in a cabinet
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stage pin connector
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standard cable type for theatrical lighting in north america
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eidson plug
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standard domestic power connector in the USA- a plastic body with two parallel metal contacts
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multi-cable
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flexible electrical cable composed of several well-insulated cores covered in a strong PVC or rubber covering. enables number of different circuits to be carried down one piece of cable.
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MIDI
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musical instrument digital interface. control system for linking musical instruments or other elctronic equipment and computers together and storing control signals the equipment produces for subsequent playback
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DMXDMX
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communications protocol used in most theater systems; consoles, dimmers and computerized instruments. stands for digital multiplex, meaning signals are encoded digitally and all signals are sent in sequence through a single pair of wires
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patch
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1) to cross-connect lighting circuits around the stage area to a chosen dimmer.
2)using cross-connect panel which enables any stge lighting channels at the light board to control any dimmer or group of dimmers. (hard patch) soft patch --totally electronic way of patching signals |
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patch panel
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board consisting of rows of sockets into which plugs can be connected to route sound signals or power from lighting circuits
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non-Dim
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channels which are switched rather than dimmed. enables motors, slide projectors, smoke machines etc to be controlled from the lighting board
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remote focus unit RFU
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remote control for lighting board
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managing director
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responsible for business functions like contracts, fund-raising, operating budgets, etc
(in charge of: house manager, box office manager, marketing director, production manager) |
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house manager
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responsible for running the Front House. including concessions, patron services, merchandising, etc.
(in charge of: ushers and facilities staff) |
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usher
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hand out programs, take tickets seat patrons
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facilities staff
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cleaning and maintenance crews
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box office manager
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responsible for the running the box office. including ticket sales, will-call etc
(in charge of: box office staff) |
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box office staff
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sell tickets to the public
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development/marketing
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bringing in more money and patrons to the theater
(in charge of: advertising and audience development) |
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advertising
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print, radio and TV advertising, mass mailings
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audience development
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mass mailings, fund raisers, pay-what-you-can night, school programs, etc
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production manager
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responsible for creating and monitoring the production calendar, tracking budgets, scheduling production meetings, etc
(in charge of: director.) |
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director is in charge of:
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set designer, lighting designer, costume designer, sound designer, stage manager
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techincal director
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figures preliminary cost estimate for set. creates construction drawings from Set Designers design drafting. supervises overall set construction and load=in of set into theater.
(in charge of: master carpenter, scenic charge artist) |
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master carpenter
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uses construction drawings to the carpentry crew in building the set
(in charge of: carpentry crew) |
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crapentry crew
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builds the set
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scenic charge artist
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figures preliminary paint cost, orders materials, mixes color, paints scenery, etc.
(in charge of: scenic artists) |
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scenic artists
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paint scenery drops, etc.
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master electrician
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figures preliminary Lighting cost estimate. responsible for instrallation and maintenance of lighting equipment, supervises electrics hang and focus
(in charge of: electricians) |
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electricians
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assist, with installation, hang, focus and maintenance of lighting equipment.
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costume shop manager
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figures preliminary costume cost estimate. in charge of everyday management of the Costume Shop. Purchasing Supplies, creating the daily schedule, etc.
(in charge of : cutter/draper) |
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cutter/draper
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translates designer's sketches into real garments, makes patterns, etc.
(in charge of: costume crew) |
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costume crew
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assist in the building of costumes
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props master
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creates and maintains prop list, figures preliminary Props cost estimate, provides rehearsal props to Stage Manager, procures and maintains props for a given show, manages props crew.
(in charge of: props artisan & props crew) |
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props artisan
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craftsperson who builds furniture and other speciality props
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props crew
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assist props master in procuring and maintaining props for a given show
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producer or borad of directors
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may be responsible for choosing season or play, setting overall budets, etc
(in charge of: artistic director) |
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artistic director
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responsible for season/play selection, selection of artistic staff, has input/final word on all artistic aspects of every production.
(in charge of: director) |
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director
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leader of artistic team, coordinates efforts of actors, designers, etc. to ensure everything accurately reflects his/her ideas for the production
(in charge of: set designer, lighting designer, costume designer, sound designer) |
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dramaturge
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helps with season selection, historical research of all kinds
(works alongside director) |
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set designer
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responsible for the visual characteristics and function of the set and props. does research, drafting, model building, etc.)
(in charge: techincal director, props master) |
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costume designer
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responsible for the visual appearance and function of the costumes. does research, costume sketches, attends fittings, etc
(in charge of: costume shop manager) |
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lighting designer
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responsible for the visual appearance and function of the lighting. creates light plot and associated paperwork, etc.
(in charge of: master electrician) |
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sound designer
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responsible for recorded music/sound effects for production and/or reinforcing live sound. does aural research, creates speaker plot and associated paperwork, etc.
(in charge of audio crew) |
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broadway flat
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type of flat where the rails and stiles are placed flat against the facing
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hollywood flat
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a type of flat where the rails and stiles are placed on edge
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rail
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top and bottom pieces of flat
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stiles
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left and right piece of flat
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toggle
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middle piece
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corner block
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right equilateral triangles of luan or plywood
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keystone
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holds toggle, can be rectangular
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butt joint
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joint created when two pieces of wood are cut square and placed in contact with one another. the most basic type of joint.
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lid
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top of a platform
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joist
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bracing on underside of a platform
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crossbracing
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piece of lumber or steel that runs at a diagonal across legs of a platform to provide stability side to side
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carriage/stringer
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supports under stair treads
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tread
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top of stair--where you step
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rise
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height of a stair
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run
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depth of a stair tread front to back
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handrail
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top member that runs along top of banisters, part you hold onto
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banister
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vertical support under the handrail
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truss/ box truss
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framework of metal bars and cross-bracing providing a rigid structure, particularly useful for hanging lights where no permanent facility is available.
often box-shaped in cross section. |
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jack
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angled support attached to the back of a flat so that it will stand
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lay-in brush
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large, square brush used to paint large areas
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fitch brush
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smaller brushes used for more detiailed work
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roller
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standard paint roller, used to cover large areas with paint, quickly
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sponge
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sea-sponge or synthetic sponge. used to create a variety of paint effects
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stencil
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cut out design useful for painting repeating motifs, like wallpaper
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sizing
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painting fabric with watered down paint, glue or starch to shrink a drop or soft-covered flat before painting
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scumble
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a paint techincque that uses two or more colors applied simultaneously in a cross-hatch, or swirling pattern to create a variegated, textured background
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spatter
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the application of small drops of paint by slapping the brush against your hand
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wet-blend
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technique of creating a smooth transition between colors by working the wet paints into one another
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dry brush
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technique often used for texturing wood. very small amount of paint is loaded into brush and then brush is dragged lightly over surface
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spray
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technique of painting that uses a pneumatic spray gun or garden type sprayer
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back painting
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painting the back side of scenery, usually with black paint
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straight stitch machine
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used to stitch fabric in a straight line. used for the majority of machine sewing in a shop
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zig-zag machine
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a sewing machine capable of creating speciality stitches for button holes, etc
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merrower (serger)
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machine that at once cuts the edge of a piece (or pieces) of fabric and runs overcast seam along the freshly cut edge to prevent raveling
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needle
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small, sharp object with an opening or "eye" in one end, thru which a piece of thread is passed. the needle is then used to push the thread through the fabric to create a stitch
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straight pin
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small, sharp objects with a head on one end used to secure fabric pieces together or to a form
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thread
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a fine cord of twisted fibers (of cotton or silk or wool or nylon, etc) used in sewing and weaving
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seam ripper
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device that consists of a sharp "hook" on the end of a short handle. used to rip out threads so a seam may be undone
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iron
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heated heavy tool used to remove wrinkles
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steamer
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machine that generates steam. removes wrinkles.
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dress form
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headless, armless and legless form which goes from the neck to below the hips used as a foundation constructing clothing
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rack
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long pipe or bar on legs which costumes may be hung for storage or during production. most have casters on the bottom for mobility.
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fabric
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any material made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers into a cloth
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selvage
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uncut edge of the fabric which is on the right and light hand edges when it comes out of the loom. it is "finished" and will not fray because the weft threads double back on themselves
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warp
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in weaving, the warp is the set of lengthwise yarns through which the weft is woven. each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end.
= "that which is sewn ACROSS" |
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weft
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in weaving, horizontal threads interlaced thru warp
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bias
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bias direction of a piece of woven fabric, usually referred to simply as "the bias" is at 45 degrees to its warp and weft threads
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seam
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joint consisting of a line formed by joining 2 pieces of fabric
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seam allowance
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width of fabric from the raw, cut eadge to the stitching
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hem
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headless, armless, legless form which goes from neck to below the hips
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first hand
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basically an assistant to the cutter/draper. in charge of lesser tasks like taking notes for a fitting
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stitcher
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person who stitches a garment together, puts on fasteners, etc. not part of "creative" part of costume production
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tailor
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cutter/draper that works exclusively on men's style suits and jackets
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milner
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hat maker
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craft department
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catch-all phrase covers anyone in a costume shop who handles "crafty" duties like making silk flowers for a hat or spraying shoes another color
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dyer
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person in costume shop responsible for dying any fabric or garments
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wardrobe supervisor
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person in a show's running crew who is responsible for the costumes (as well as wigs and make-up) after they leave the shop and go into live production
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dresser
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person on a show's running crew that helps actors get into costume or make quick changes, etc.
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pattern
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piece (or many pieces) of tissue paper that correspond to shape of a piece of fabric needed to build an item of clothing
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measurement chart
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special chart used to record an actor's measurements prior to beginning the costume production process
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fitting
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when an actor is called into the costume shop to "try on" a costume. during fittings the shop staff and designer take notes for necessary changed, mark hem heights, etc.
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muslin
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mock-up of a costume piece that is made out of an in-expensive muslin fabric. before expensive, final fabric
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pulled
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any costume item that is to be pulled from an existing stock
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shopped
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costume items that are purchased to be used "as is" from retail stores
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costume plot
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spreadsheat-like document showing a breakdown of scenes and what costumes are needed for each scene, and which actors are involved with them.
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properties plot
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spreadsheet-like document showing breakdown of scenes and what props are needed for each scene, and which actors involved with them
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props list
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comprehensive list of all the props in a given show
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set prop
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large props that border on being scenery but may be built by the props department
--a bar or claw-foot bathtub |
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costume prop
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prop that might be considered to be the domain of the wardrobe/costume department. e.g eye glasses or handbag
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prop table
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large table w/labeled divisions marked on it where props are kept at the ready during a show
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paper prop
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prop made of paper
--newspaper, cereal box, soup can label, etc |
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soft prop
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props made of fabric
--teddy bear, table cloth |
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hand prop
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small prop that are usually manipulated with hands of an actor
--water glass or fountain pen |
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pan
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control on a mixing desk which allows the operator to position the channel's output into the final stereo image (L-R)
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gain
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1. level of amplification given to a signal or of a system
2. control of the amount of pre-amplification given to a sound signal on its way into a mixer |
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distortiondistortion
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usually undesirable result of overloading sound equipment. reducing the levels can remedy the situation
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system diagram
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schematic, flow-chart like diagram that shows all the equipment and signal paths for an audio set-up
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speaker plot
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not unlike a light plot, a speak plot shows what types of speakers are specified and where in the theater they are to be hung
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microphone/mic
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transducer that turns sound waves into electrical energy
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loud speaker
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transducer that converts an electrical signal into mechanical energy
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tweeter
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high frequency speaker 1000 to 200000 Hz
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woofer
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low frequency speaker 10 to 250 Hz
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sub-woofer
|
large, powerful, stand-alone speaker that produces extremely low-frequency and sub-audible sounds--more felt than heard. provides "rumble"
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amplifier
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device used to boost the strength of a signal. used usually to refer to the amplifier placed between the mixing board and the speakers
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equalizer
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device that allows different frequencies to be enhanced or lessened
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mixing board
|
bank of faders where multiple audio inputs are mixed together at diff levels, effects added, etc and then sent to multiple outputs
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effects producer
|
electronic device that adds effects like reverb and delay to sound signals that are passed thru it
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reverb
|
effect which may be added to sound effects during recording or to a voice during performance. sustains sound logner than normal, as if the sound was reverberating in a large building
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delay
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sound equipment that can momentarily stores a signal being sent to the part of a P.A. system so that delayed reinforced sound reaches the audience at the same time (or just after) the live sound from the stage
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sampler
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an electronic device that can record store and play back short pieces of music or sound
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CD Deck
|
piece of audio equipment used for playback of compact disks
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clear com
|
headset earpiece and microphone used for communication and co-ordination of tech departments during a performance
|
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ground plan
|
bird's eye view of set
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section
|
center reference line in drafting
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elevation
|
front view of all the walls
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|
3 ways to elevate platforms
|
1. compression leg: two pieces of 2x4
2. studwalls--> bunch of 2x4s put together, like a platform without a lid 3. cross bracing |
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|
6 controllable qualities of light
|
1. intensitiy (dimmers, dowser)
2. color (gels, scroller, dichroic filter) 3. direction/angle (follow spot?) 4. shape (iris, enses, barndoors) 5. rhythm (dimmers, lightboard) 6. texture (gobo) |
