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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ANTHRAX
Distinguishing Features |
Gram +
Aeorbic Spore Forming Large, Box-car like Polypeptide Capsule |
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ANTHRAX
Resivoir and Transmission |
Resivoir:
Animals, skins, Soils Transmission: Animal Hides, Postal Workers |
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ANTHRAX
Pathogenesis |
3(A) subunits bind to 1(B);ENDOCYTOSED as a complex
Low pH of endosome --> conformational change in B --> forms a channel --> EF and LF leak out Exotoxins --> necrosis |
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ANTHRAX
Virulence |
Capsule: poly peptide; antiphagocytic; immunogenic
EF and LF are A subunits EF = edema factor: binds ca++ and calmodulin --> incr. cAMP --> efflux of h20 LF= leathal factor: metalloprotease inactivaes MAPKK; stimulates macrophage to release TNFa and IL-1b B subunit = protective antigen mediates entry of EF/LF into eukaryotic cells |
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ANTHRAX
Dx and Tx |
Dx
gram stain blood culture Tx Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline |
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NOCARDIA
Distinguishing Features |
Gram +
aerobic Catalase, Superoxide Dismutatse Grow in distinctive branched chains ACID FAST |
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NOCARDIA
Resivoir and Transmission |
Resivoir: Soil and Dust
Transmission: Airborne/ transplant |
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NOCARDIA
Pathogenesis |
Opportunistic
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NOCARDIA
Virulence |
CORD Factor: prevents intracellular killing; interferes with phagosome/lysosome fusion
Catalase superoxide dismutase: Inactivate toxic oxygen intermediates |
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TB
Features |
Gram +, aerobic, Rods
Niacin +, Nitrite +, Acid Fast Heat sensitive catalase RESISTANT to acid/base & drying Slow Growth Myocolic acids in cell wall 50% |
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TB
Resivoir Transmission |
Resivoir: Human Lungs
Transmisison: coughing, speaking, singing --> respiratory droplets |
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TB
pathogenesis |
dropletes inhaled
ingested by macrophages TB multiplies slowly in Macs Macs to go lymph or stay put Initiate an immune response Forms a casous granuloma |
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TB
Virulence |
CORD FACTOR: inhibits leukocyte migration ; disrupts mitochondrial respiration and ox phos
SULFOLIPIDS: inhibits phagosome/lysosome fusion TUBERCULIN: delayed HprSnsty; Cell Mediated Immunity NO ENDO/EXO TOXINS; Damage is done by immune system |
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TB
Dx Tx |
Dx: more common in Afr.Amer/ Native/ Amer
Blacks have less vit.D due to high melanin in skin, vit.D is protective against TB CLINICAL: night sweats, fever, cough, bloody sputum, PPD+, IFN-y + TX Rifampin, Isonazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol |
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LEPRAE
Distinguishing features |
Gram +, rods, intracellular
Acid Fast |
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LEPRAE
Resivoir Transmission |
Resivoir: Human Mucosa, Skin, Nerves.
Armadillos in TX, LA Transmission: Nasal Discharge |
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LEPRAE
Pathogenesis |
Obligate intracellular Parasite
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LEPRAE
Virulence |
Capable of intracellular growht
Dz is response to infection |
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LEPRAE
Dx Tx |
Dx: Microscopy
Tx: Rifampin (Tb); Clofazimine (Lp) |