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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ANTHRAX
Distinguishing Features
Gram +
Aeorbic
Spore Forming
Large, Box-car like
Polypeptide Capsule
ANTHRAX
Resivoir and Transmission
Resivoir:
Animals, skins, Soils

Transmission:
Animal Hides, Postal Workers
ANTHRAX
Pathogenesis
3(A) subunits bind to 1(B);ENDOCYTOSED as a complex

Low pH of endosome --> conformational change in B --> forms a channel --> EF and LF leak out

Exotoxins --> necrosis
ANTHRAX
Virulence
Capsule: poly peptide; antiphagocytic; immunogenic

EF and LF are A subunits
EF = edema factor: binds ca++ and calmodulin --> incr. cAMP --> efflux of h20

LF= leathal factor: metalloprotease inactivaes MAPKK; stimulates macrophage to release TNFa and IL-1b


B subunit = protective antigen
mediates entry of EF/LF into eukaryotic cells
ANTHRAX
Dx and Tx
Dx
gram stain
blood culture

Tx
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
NOCARDIA
Distinguishing Features
Gram +
aerobic
Catalase, Superoxide Dismutatse
Grow in distinctive branched chains
ACID FAST
NOCARDIA
Resivoir and Transmission
Resivoir: Soil and Dust

Transmission: Airborne/ transplant
NOCARDIA
Pathogenesis
Opportunistic
NOCARDIA
Virulence
CORD Factor: prevents intracellular killing; interferes with phagosome/lysosome fusion

Catalase superoxide dismutase: Inactivate toxic oxygen intermediates
TB
Features
Gram +, aerobic, Rods
Niacin +, Nitrite +, Acid Fast

Heat sensitive catalase

RESISTANT to acid/base & drying

Slow Growth

Myocolic acids in cell wall 50%
TB
Resivoir
Transmission
Resivoir: Human Lungs
Transmisison: coughing, speaking, singing --> respiratory droplets
TB
pathogenesis
dropletes inhaled
ingested by macrophages
TB multiplies slowly in Macs
Macs to go lymph or stay put
Initiate an immune response
Forms a casous granuloma
TB
Virulence
CORD FACTOR: inhibits leukocyte migration ; disrupts mitochondrial respiration and ox phos

SULFOLIPIDS: inhibits phagosome/lysosome fusion

TUBERCULIN: delayed HprSnsty; Cell Mediated Immunity

NO ENDO/EXO TOXINS; Damage is done by immune system
TB
Dx
Tx
Dx: more common in Afr.Amer/ Native/ Amer

Blacks have less vit.D due to high melanin in skin, vit.D is protective against TB

CLINICAL: night sweats, fever, cough, bloody sputum, PPD+, IFN-y +

TX
Rifampin, Isonazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
LEPRAE
Distinguishing features
Gram +, rods, intracellular
Acid Fast
LEPRAE
Resivoir
Transmission
Resivoir: Human Mucosa, Skin, Nerves.
Armadillos in TX, LA

Transmission: Nasal Discharge
LEPRAE
Pathogenesis
Obligate intracellular Parasite
LEPRAE
Virulence
Capable of intracellular growht

Dz is response to infection
LEPRAE
Dx
Tx
Dx: Microscopy
Tx: Rifampin (Tb); Clofazimine (Lp)