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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Morphology of Cholera
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Curved gram negative rod with a single polar flagella
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gram stain (+/-)
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Gram negative
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aerobic or anerobic
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facultive anerobe
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Nutritional requirements?
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simple nutritional requirements, do not require salt for growth, but can tolerate it
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How are strains of V. Cholerae differentiated?
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over 140 serogroups are divided based on O cell wall antigens
O1 serotype is further subdividede into serotype: inaba, ogawa, hikojima and biotype: classical, el tor |
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VIRULENCE OF CHOLERA; name 6
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Cholera toxin
TCP (toxin coreguluated pilus) ACE (accessory cholera toxin) ZOT (zona occudens toxin) LPS w/ Lipid A Nuraminidase |
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How does Cholera toxin work?
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Cholera toxin works by increasing Cl- channels--causing the hypersecretion of water and electrolytes
THe A portion is internalized, interacts with a G protien that upregulates Adenylyl cyclase; conversion of ATP to cAMP; increase in Cl- channels |
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What is the TCP
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Toxin coregulated pilus
absolutely nesecary for adherance to intestinal mucosal cells and provides a binding site for CTX |
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What is ACE gene
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Accessory Cholerae Endotoxin
increases instinal fluid secretion |
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What is ZOT gene
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Zona Occudens Toxin
Increases intestinal permeability---> induces diarrhea Loosens tight junctions of the small intestine, leading to increased intestinal permeability and the enterotoxin produces increased fluid secretion |
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What is LPS with Lipid A
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a commpon virulence factor among gram negative organism
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What is Nuraminidase
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virulence factor for VC that modifies the cell surface to increase GM1 binding sites for cholera toxin
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How does VC present?
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2-3 days after infection, sudden onset of watery diarrhea and vomiting. stools become colorless and odorless leading to the appearance of RICE WATER STOOLS
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How do patients die form VC
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dehydration and electrolyte loss.
Hyponaturemia --> hypovolemia Hypokalemia --> cardiac arrhythmias HCO3 loss can lead to metabolic acidosis |
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Treatments of VC?
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rehydration and cipro to decrease durration of diarrhea
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