Poly Sci 204

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Purchasing Power Parity

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a statistical tool that attempts to estimate the buying power of income across different countries by using prices in the US as a benchmark.

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Democracy

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a political system in which political power is exercised either directly or indirectly by the people

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state capacity

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the ablity of a state to: penetrate society to gather info, regulate social relationships, extract recources(use them in intended ways). possible idicator: tax rates

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Modernization theory

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indvidual level of anaysis, Only path to developmentis shift from traditional to medern values

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Traditional values
(part of modernization theory)

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ascriptive, passive, reliance on relations, non-rational/distrust, low satisfaction, competence.

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Modern Values
(part of modernization theory)

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wealth, democracy, merit based, rational, achievemnt oriented/trust, satisfaction, competence.

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dependency theory

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focuses on a countries position in global political economy. Comprised of cores and peripheries.

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cores
(dependency theory)

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are countries that could industrialize successfully and could exercise domination over less developed areas. Comprised of earlier industrializing country's that could use industrial might to pursue imperial expansion.

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Peripheries
(dependency theory)

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is comprised of countires histoically integrated into global political economy in subordinate positions--often as colonies of imperial powers. concentrated on few primary commodities and are dependent on one core country. Predicted outcomes for peripheries are poverty, inequatlity, and authoritarianism.

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Wolrd systems Theory

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there is some potential for countries in the periphery to develop and move into the "semi-periphery" although it is unlikely they will catch up with core.

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colonialism

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the establishment, through military force, of a formal government administration, controlled by a conquering imperial power in a foreign territory, leading to economic, cultural, and political domination of that territory by the imperial power.

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neo-colonialism

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the exercise of economic and cultural domination over a nominally sovereign state by a core power, often through the presence of multinational corporations based in the core and through the extension of bilateral military aid, w/o extablishment of a formal colonial administration

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statism

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institutional level of analysis, challenges dependency theory, which failed at explaining E.Asian NIC's. Focuses on nature of state institutions and their development/predatory intentions. States have the potential to promote development within their own borders. States have interests autonomous from society's in promoting development because they are responsible to national security.

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Characteristics of developmental state bureaucracy
(statism theory)

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are merit-based recruitment, performance-based rewards, belief in bureaucrtic mission, insulated from societal pressures, and empowered to fomulate and implement policy. They can alter market behavior through the exericse of industrial policy(trade control, tax incentives, selective credit allocations, and public enterprises)

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characteristics of predatory state bureaucracy
(statism theory)

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are recrument based on patron-client relations, policy based on persoanal benefit, not insulated from societal pressures, lacking ability to formulate good policy, and lacking authoritative power to implement policy. will lead to instability, authoritarian, and incapacity.

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Neo-liberalism theory

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both institutional and individual level of anaysis(free market vs. state intervention). Advocates functioning free-market which engage in profit-seeking. State intervention should be limited because they artificially restrict markets and create artificial high prices which lead to rent-seeking.

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rent-seeking
(neo-liberalism theory)

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a process in which political leaders essentially rent out parts of the stae to their patrons, who as a result control public goods that would otherwise be distributed in a nonpolitical matter.

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social class

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refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or sstratification) between individuals or groups in societies or culture.

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bourgeoisie

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are owners of capital. Usually middle class

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proletriat/working class

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is the expansion of the range of people allowed to vote. Pertaining to Britian, universal male suffrage (and females over 30) was achieved in 1918 which reflected the rise of the working class. Full female suffrage was achieved in 1928.

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franchise expansion

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is the expansion of the range of people allowed to vote. Pertaining to Britain, universal male suffrage (and females over 30) was achieved in 1918 which reflected the rise of the working class. Full female suffrage was achieved in 1928.

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welfare state

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emerged in capitalst economies to balance economic efficiency of the labor market with social equality and provision of basic needs.

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Keynesianism

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John Maynard Keynes's theory that state intervention (monetary and fiscal) is needed to stimulate the business and employment

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Parliamentary system

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Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament. No clear cut seperation of powers between executive and legislative branches. It is more coherent and likely to be enacted because of the "no confidence" vote.

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presidential system

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has a seperate executive and legislative branch. It utilized checks and balances.

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electorate systems

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Britians electoral system is disproportional because of its winner takes all system

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proportional representation

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aims to attain a close match between the percentage of votes that grups of candidates obtian in elections and the percentage of seats they recieve. leads to 3 party system.

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winner take all
(aka single member district system, first past the post)

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is a voting system in which a single winner is chosen in a given constituency by having the most votes. leads to two party system.

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Thatcher "revolution"

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Margaret Thatcher utilized neo-liberal policies to help a slumping economy. decreased state intervention, and privatized firms. Working class moved from unskilled labor to more tech sectors.

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Blair's "third way"

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is a blend of market and state intervention. This brought the Labour Party back into power in the Paliament.