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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Value judgments
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evaluations that we make on the basis of values, standards, and ideals.
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Empirical analysis
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centered on facts. Seeks to describe, discover, and explain facts and factual relationships
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Variable
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something that can vary or change.
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Dependant variable
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the effect or outcome that is influenced or caused by another variable. Value changes in response to other variables.
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Independent variable
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factor that influences or causes the dependent variable.
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Correlation
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or association, is a relationship in which two or more variables change together.
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Intervening variables
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located in between the independent and dependant variables
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Spurious correlation
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two variables appear to be directly linked in a cause and effect relationship but the either have no casual linkage or they are linked indirectly.
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Law
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a regularly occurring association between two or more variables.
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Theory
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thinking about politics as opposed to practicing it. General principles or abstract ideas
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Hypothesis
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an assumption that needs to be tested against relevant evidence.
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Model
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a simplified representation of reality in descriptive or abstract form.
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Ideal type
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model of a political or social phenomenon that describes its main characteristic features.
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Paradigm
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way of looking at phenomena, formulating questions and generalizations, and conducting research.
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Fallacy of composition
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the whole is exactly the same as its parts.
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Tautology
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circular reasoning, adds cause to the phenomenon whose causes we are trying to explain.
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Induction
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a reasoning process that goes from the specific to the general.
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Deduction
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a reasoning process that goes from the general to the specific.
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Necessary condition
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one that must be present in order for some phenomenon or event to occur. Without it, the event cannot occur.
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Sufficient condition
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one that must by itself suffices for the phenomenon to occur.
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Counterintuitive results
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those that run counter to what we expect.
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