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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Senatorial Courtesy
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The custom of giving senators of the presidents party a virtual veto over appointments to jobs. including judicial appointments and their states.
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War Powers Act 1973
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A statue enacted by congress to the limit the presidents ability to commit troops to combat, only under 3 conditions: when congress has declared war, when congress gives specific authority to do so or when an attack on the military causes a nat'l crisis.
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Gerrymander
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A congressional district whose boundaries are drawn so as to maximize the political advantage of a party or racial group. Often such a district has a bizarre shape.
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Constituency Service
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Answering questions and doing personal favors for constituents who write or call for help.
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REgulation
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The resumption of regulatory activity after a period of deregulation.
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Cloture
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A method of stopping a FILLBUSTER by limiting debate to only 20 or more hours; requires a vote of three-fifths of the members of the senate.
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logrolling
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"you vote for mine, I'll vote for yours."
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"going public"
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The process in which congress or its members carry an issue debate to the public via the media: a tv debate.
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Authorizations
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Budget legislation that provides agencies and departments with the legal authority to operate; may specify funding levels but do not actually provide the funding.
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whips
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Member of the house who work to maintain party unity by keeping in contact with party members and attempting to win their support. Both the majority and minority party have a whip and several assistant whips.
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Casework
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The assistance members of congress provide to their constituents; includes answering questions and doing personal favors for those who ask for help AKA CONSTITUENCY SERVICE.
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Reapportionment
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Every 10 years the 435 seats in the house are distributed among the states based on population changes.
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Oversight
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Congress's responsibility to make sure the bureaucracy is administering federal programs in accord once withe congressional intent.
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Minority Leader
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The leader of the minority party in either the house or senate.
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Senority Rule
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the custom that the member of the majority party with the longest service on a particular congressional committee becomes its chair; this applies most of the time, but is occasionaly violated.
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Impeachment
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A two-step process by which congress may remove presidents, judges, and other civil officers accused of malfeasance. the house decides questions of impeachment, if a majority favors impeachment, the senate decides whether to remove the accused from office.
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Appropriations
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Budget legislation that specifies the amount of authorized funds that will actually be allocated for agencies and departments to spend.
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Pork Barrel
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Funding for projecrs, buildings and other public works in congress. Members tend to support such projects because they provide jobs for constituents and enhance the members reelection chances, rather than because the projects are necessarily wise.
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Neutral comepetence
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The concept that bureaucracy should be uninvolved or nuetral in policy making and should be chosen only for their expertise--not their political affiliation.
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Redistricting
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the process of redrawing the boundaries of congressional districts within a state to take account for population shifts.
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Departments
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Executive divisions of federal gov't, such as department of defense and labor, each headed by a cabinet officer.
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Neutral comepetence
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The concept that bureaucracy should be uninvolved or nuetral in policy making and should be chosen only for their expertise--not their political affiliation.
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Power to persuade
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the Presidents informal power to gain support by dispersing favors and penalties and by using the prestige of the office.
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Speaker of the House
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The leader and presiding officer of the house of reps, chosen by the majority of the party.
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chief of State
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the official representative of the country, the person whose office symbolizes the collective unity and identity on the nation.
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Washingtonians("inside the beltway")
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The people inside or among the people in gov't. The president need to get his policy's enacted by these people so they can try to shape public opinion.
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Franking Priviledge
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The priviledge of members of congress that allows them to send free mail to their constituents.
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Spoil System (PATRONAGE)
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a system in which elected officials appoint their supporters to administrative jobs.
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Conference Committee
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A committee composed of members of both houses of congress that is formed to try to resolve the differences when 2 houses try to pass 2 versions of the same bill.
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Rules committee
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The committee in the house that sets the terms of debate on a bill.
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Policy Implementation
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Process by which bureaucrats convert laws into rules and activities that have and actual impact on people and things.
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Executive Leadership
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The presidents control over the burreaucracy in his capacity as cheif executive.
Achieved through budgeting; Appointments, administrative reform, lobbying and mobolizing public opinoin. |
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Majority Leaders
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The members of the majority party in the house who is second in command to the Speaker. Also the leader of the senate who is chosen by the majority party.
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Executive Orders
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Rules or regulations issued by the president that have the force of law; issued to impliment constitutional provisions or statutes.
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Standing committee
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Permanent Congeressional committees.
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Civil Service
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An agency established by the Pendleton Act to curb PATRONAGE in the federal bureaucracy and replace it with the merit system.
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Whistleblowers
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An individual employee who exposes mismanagment and abuse of discretion in and agency.
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Personal Presidency
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concept proposed by Theodore Lowi that holds that presidents since the 1930's(new deal era) have amassed tremendous personal power directly from the people, in return, are expected to make sure the people get what they want from government.
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Fillbuster
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A mechanism for delay of the senate in which one or more members engage in a continuous speech to prevent the senate from taking action.
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Independent Agencies
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Gov;t bureaus that are not parts of the DEPARTMENTS. Their heads are appointed by, and responsible to the president.
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Merit system
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A system if filling bureaucratic jobs on the basis of cempetence instead of patronage.
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