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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
effective party
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number of parties that control or recieve the majority if not all of the votes
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what do parties do?
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1. socialize and recruit leaders
2. create excitement for regime 3. aggregate interests 4. create interests for the social group |
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elections...
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1. create civic involvement and disseminate information
2. build legitimacy 3. build support 4. choose representatives |
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parlimentary systems (+/-)
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+ efficient
+ clear lines of responsibility - divided cabinet -> tagedy of the commons/collective action problem - unstable - few protections for minorities |
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presidential systems (+/-)
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+ provide checks on legislative power
+ are responsible to people and discipline legislature + fixed term/popularly elected - not efficient - no clear lines of responsibility - monopoly on power over policy -recruitment of the inexperienced - hard to make comprehensive policies |
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democracy and growth rates
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1.protection of property
2.inhibits immediate consumption 3.inhibits autonomy of dictators |
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majoritarian (westminster)
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1.parlimentary
2.holds government accountable + efficient, clear responsibility and accountability, pluralist -non-independent bank, unstable, less opinions, corruptable |
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consensus (proportional)
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1. presidential
2. people can say they have representation +stable, hard to corrupt, independent banks, good for minorities, checks on power -not efficient, hard to hold accountable, extremsim, intransitivity |
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legislature/executive (5)
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1.type of government
2.executive/legislative relations 3.party system 4.electoral system 5.interest articulation |
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federal/ unitary (5)
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1.bicameralism
2.judicial review 3.centralization 4.constitutionalism 5.central bank independence |
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district magnitude
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number of seats a district holds
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primortial vs instrumental view
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primorital-parties represent interests
instrumental-people use parties to gain power in office |
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iron law of oligarchy
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leaders develop different views then their party as they develop views that will keep them in power
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the mechanical effect
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how votes translate into seats in the legislature...SMDP favors large parties
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duverger's law
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SMDP: single member district plurailty (2 parties)
Proportional representation: multiple parties |
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motivation of leaders
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office seeking: want to gain and maintain power
policy seeking: want to achieve a specific policy platform |
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selectorate
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the amount of people in a society that could possibly select the leader
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winning coalition
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the participants of the selectorate whose support is needed for the leader to gain and maintain power
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public good
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1. non-excludable
2. joint in supply (as more use it, its amount doesn't diminish) |
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private benefits
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gifts, money, power given to the leader's individual supporters
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winning coalition size...
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-big w, or big w/s ratio leads to the leader grating public goods
-small w, or small w/s ratio leads to the leader granting private benefits to supporters |
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loyalty norm
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when the w is small, and the s is big, the members of the w could be easily replaced so they stay very loyal in order to retain their private benefits...leaders can buy support cheaply
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head of government vs. head of state
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1.head of government: runs political system
2.head of state: ceremonial figure -infused in presidential |
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presidential vs parlimentary
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-presidential: encourages antagonism and mutual independence
-parlimentary: encourages reconciliation and mutual dependence |
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least minimal winning coalition
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coalition such that the surplus is smallest or non-existant (CDU and Greens)
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grand coalition vs minority coalition
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-grand coalition: largest surplus
-minority coalition: negative surplus |
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minimal connected winning coalition
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coalition with small surplus and that is next to one another on a policy continum (CDU, FDP)...most likely cabinet
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delegate vs. agent
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-delegate: choose policy based exactly on what electoral district would do
-agent:take authority and turn it into responsibility, and make best decision for district |
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instrumental voting
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care about outcome and think their vote counts
-paradox of participation -> a lot vote so individuals dont matter-> no one sould vote->therefore an individual's vote matters a lot |
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expressive voting
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care about outcome and want people to know it
-said that this is how parties formed |
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consumptive voting
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-its an event
-civic duty -its the right thing to do -ritual with benefits unrelated to the outcome |
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defensive voting
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-coerced into voting
-avoiding punishment -compulsory voting (australia and soviet union) |
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coefficient
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slope
a 1 unit change in x leads to a ? change in y |
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standard error
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measure of confidence in the coefficient
(2x SE > coefficient, the coefficient is significant) |
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linear additive vs multiplicitive interaction
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linear: y = mx+ b
multiplicitive: y = mx + mx +m(x X x)+b (use when context matters) |