Pols Midterm Exam 1

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Politics

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Who gets what, when, how; a process for determining how power and resources are distributed in the societie without recourse to violence

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Government

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A system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

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Authority

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Power that's recognized As legitimate or right

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Institutions

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Organizations in which government power is exercised

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Social democracy

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A hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality

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Social order

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The Way we organize and live our collective Lives

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Power

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The ability to get people to do what you Want

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Capitalist economy

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An economic system in which the market determines production distribution And price Decisions and property is privately owned

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Socialist economy

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An economic system in which the state determines production distribution and price decisions and property is government owned

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Authoritarian

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Systems in Which the state holds all power over the social order

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Totalitarian

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A system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life

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Anarchist

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The absence of government and laws

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Social contract

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The notion that societee is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others

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Political culture

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Good broad pattern of ideas beliefs and values that a population holds about citizens and government

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Elite democracy

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A theory of democracy that limits the citizens Role to choosing among competing leaders

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Pluralist democracy

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A theory of democracy that holds that citizen membership in groups is the key to political power

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Participatory democracy

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A theory of democracy that a holds that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives

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Madison

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Father of the Constitution had a great role in drafting in promoting the United States constitution and the bill of rights he drafted the 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution during the 1st Congress known as the father the Bill of rights

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John Locke

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One of the most important and Influential philosopher the 17th century Inspired many of the founding fathers

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French Indian war

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Also known as the 7 year war from 1754 to 1763 was the North American conflict in a larger Imperial war between Great Britain and France ended with the treaty of Paris in 1763

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Citizenship

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Members Of a political community having both rights and responsibilities

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Naturalization

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The legal process of acquiring Citizenship for someone who has not acquired a papers

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Colonist

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The settler of a colony

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Declaration of independence

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The political document that dissolved the colonial ties between the United States and Britain

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Articles of confederation

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The 1st constitution of the United States creating an association of States with weak central government

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Constitution

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The rules that establish a government

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Virginia plan

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A proposal at the constitutional convention that congressional representation be based on population thus favoring the large States

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New Jersey plan

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A proposal at the constitutional convention that Congressional representation be equal thus favoring the small sticks

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Constitutional convention

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The assembly of 55 delegates in the summer of 1787 to recast the articles of confederation The result was the US constitution

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Great compromise

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The constitutional solution to congressional representation equal votes in the senate Votes by population in the house

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Federalist

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Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong central government

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Federalist papers

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A series of essays written in support of the Constitution to build support for its ratification

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Separation of powers (federalist no. 51)

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Good institutional arrangement that Assigns judicial executive And legislative powers to different persons or groups thereby limiting the powers of each

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Shays rebellion

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A grassroots uprising in 1787 by armed Massachusetts farmers protesting foreclosures

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Factions

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Groups of citizens United by some common Passion or interest and opposed to the rights of other citizens or to the interests of the whole community

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Federalism

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A political system in which power is divided between the central and regional unit

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Enumerated powers

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Congressional powers specifically named in the Constitution

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Concurrent powers

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Powers that are shared by the federal And state governments

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Reserved powers

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The powers which are not enumerated

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Natural rights

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Rates that people supposedly have under natural law

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Haneas corpus

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The right of an accused person to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her

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Establishment clause

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The 1st amendment guarantee that the government will not create and support an official state church

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Strict scrutiny

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A heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to assess the Constitutionality of laws that limit some freedoms or that make a suspect Classification

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Civil war ammendments

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Amendments created because of the Civil War amendment 13 abolish slavery amendment 14 provides a broad definition of national citizenship which excluded African Americans amendment 15 Grants voting rights regardless of race color or previous condition of servitude

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Brown vs board of education

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Landmarks that stripped away constitutional sanctions for segregation by race and made equal opportunity in Education the law of the land

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Civil liberties

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Individual freedoms guaranteed to the people primarily by the Bill of rights

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Bill of rights

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A summary of citizen Rights guaranteed and protected by a government added to the Constitution as its 1st 10 amendments in order to Achieve ratification

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Civil rights

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A struggle by African Americans in the mid 19 fifties to late 19 sixties to achieve civil rights = those of whites including equal opportunity and employment housing and education as well as a right to vote the right of equal access to public facilities and the right to be free of Racial discrimination

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Jim crow laws

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Southern laws design to circumvent the 13th 14th and 15th amendments and to deny black rights are bases other than race

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Plessy vs ferguson

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Case in which the US Supreme Court on May 18, 1896 by 7 to 1 majority advanced their controversial separate but equal doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws

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Voting rights act of 1965

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Sign trade president Lyndon B. Johnson to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising the right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th amendment to the Constitution

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Affirmative action

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A policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as substantive remedy for past discrimination

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Sonia sotomayor

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An associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States servants since August 2009 she was the distinction of being its 1st Justice of Hispanic descent and the 1st Latina

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Native Americans

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A member of any indigenous people of America

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Seneca falls ny

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Location of the 1st woman's rights convention it advertised itself as the convention to discuss the social civil and relations condition and rights of a woman

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Alice paul

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An American suffragist fabulist and woman trade activist and one of the main leaders and strategist of the compaign for the 19th amendment to the us constitution which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote

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Elizabth Stanton

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An American suffrages social activist abolitionist the lady figure of the early woman's rights movement her declaration of sentiments presented at the Seneca Falls convention how the 1848 in Seneca Falls New York is often credited with initiating the first organized women's rights and women's suffrage movements in the US.

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Susan b Anthony

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An American social reformer and woman's right activist who played a pivotal role in the woman suffrage movement born into a Quaker family committed to social equality she collected antislavery petitions

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Feminism

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The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of sexes

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National organization of women

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Feminist or Guinness station for Hakon seminists organized and founded in 1966

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Gloria Steinem

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In American from this journalisten social political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader and a spokeswoman for the feminist movement in the late 19 sixties and early 19 seventies