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32 Cards in this Set
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Political Economy |
the impact and influence of politics and economics, as well as what the gov. should and should not do. -when we want something we have to pay for it in some form, but no one wants to cut anything -leaders can say no to you and not get reelected, or say yes and add to national debt. unrealistic that we could come out of this debt |
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Keneysian vs. Supply side |
supply side: we get more $ in our pocket, we buy more. put money into economy first, then when it balances start raising rates. as gov. borrows $, pressure on banks= interest rates go up, fewer businesses expand. Keneysian: gov. should put $ in at bottom, (build things to make jobs, provide welfare, and poor people will immediately spend the money |
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John Maynard Keynes |
1883-1946 created idea of demand side economics, that money should be put in at bottom of social classes, and poor people will spend it immediately. |
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Public Policy |
what the government tries to do; the choices it makes among alternatives |
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Inflation |
a general rise in prices. -as inflation happens, economy starts growing. -happened for the first time in the late 70's. |
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Federal reserve |
in 1913 the federal reserve act was passed. It looks over..??? -federal reserve board is a big part of this, determining how much money should be circulated and regulate interest rates. -feds try to control interest rates overall with bench rate. the lower the bench rate, the lower the interest rate |
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Fixed vs. Floating exchange rates |
fixed: dollar buys set amount of foreign currencies floating: dollar buys varying amounts of foreign currency depending on market for them |
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stagflation |
stagnant economy with a rise in unemployment and high inflation -appareared first in 1970's, since 1973 average americans have had stagnant incomes -the culprit seems to be the massive rise in oil prices, which effects all corners of the economy. |
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monetary policy |
monetary policy: macro-economic policy laid down by the central bank -it is the demand side of economic policy to achieve an objective such as inflation -determine how much should be circulating the US economy -national reserve board does this |
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entitlements |
50+% of laws passed by congress of payments that must be made -only way to limit entitlements is to change the law -discretionary (39%) (can change without passing a new law) |
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welfare dependency |
stuck on welfare without any incentive of getting off |
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international system |
how countries interact with each other at the national level -over last 25 years it has fallen apart -some people miss this because it made the world easy to understand -we haven't found any theory that works simply |
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globalization |
taking anything a making it global in nature -most of the time we're talking about trade -there's a belief that if we open up trade everywhere there will be no more conflict -US wants whole world to be capitalistic and democratic -FREE TRADE IS NOT EQUAL TRADE. sounds good, but doesn't work as well as western areas want it to |
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Samuel Huntington |
introduced idea of clash of civilization model in 1993 in a model established idea that there are 8 civilizations and will always be conflict any time two of them who don't get along cross paths |
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"clash of civilizations" model |
introduced in 1993 by Samuel Huntington. -world was decided into 8 civilization groups: cultural area defined primarily by religion -some of the groups get along and some don't |
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international power |
the ability of one nation to get another nation to do what it wants -the most basic element in international relations -power doesn't automatically mean military power, it means force. i.e. cutting off other's trade |
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national interest |
what's good for a nation as a whole in world affairs -it is what propels every country. -because of this, national interest have to be inherently selfish. because while it's nice to do what's best for the world it doesn't necessarily get you reelected -conflicts in national interest can lead to war |
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collective security |
the cooperation of several countries in an alliance to strengthen the security of each -they pledge to join in alliance against aggressors. If One country attacks another, we all get together and cut off trade routes and such with them. When this happened, it ended up failing because people merely studied them instead |
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functionalism |
belief in or stress on the practical application of a particular thing -produces a spillover effect -gets countries working together to see what they can accomplish through cooperation and not conflict -promotion of this common when related to disease control, food production, etc. |
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Coup |
a sudden, violent, illegal seizure of power from the government -almost always military, although military has support of civilians -generally occur because the civilian institution of government are weak, corrupt, and ineffective, leaving military no choice but to take over |
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terrorism |
the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims -a strategy of groups with grudges -generally fueled by a religion, ethnic, and political grudges, etc. |
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relative deprivation |
feeling of some groups that they are missing out on economic growth -poor people are usually too busy feeding their families, but once they have food in their bellies they begin to see how much better others are doing. because of this, revolutions like this come about generally when things are getting better, not worse |
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revolution |
the sudden replacement of an old system with a new one -revolutions are determined by if all the old elites are swept away -you can call for it, but you can't insight it -when this happens you need organized people to plan and organize the discontent |
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Crane Brinton |
Wrote "The anatomy of Revolutions" in 1938 -looked at four revolutions. (England, Britain, US, and France.) -said there are stages of a revolution, found US and GB were partial revs but not complete |
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Velvet Revolution |
Relatively non-violent mass uprising that outs communist and other representatives -impulses are the same as other evolutions, just not as violent. Even in their weakest parts (where the rev. is weakest), they are similar. |
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9 possible international systems models |
Unipolar counterweight Multipolar stratified model zones of chaos globalization Resources War Model |
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Huntingtons 8 civilizations |
african western protestant slavic/orthodox sinic latin American islamic Hindu Japanese |
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4 kinds of national interest |
vital vs. 2ndary temporary vs. permanent specific vs. general complementary vs. conflicting |
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macro and micro theories of war |
Macro: looks at the big picture, not just small details. looks at state as main actor, not the action of individuals. i.e. power, culture, tradition. Micro: looks at smaller details. argues you just need the right person at the right time. "Despite the crisis, if hitler had never been there they may have been able to solve things peaceably." |
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6 strategies for peacekeeping |
state give up sovereignty collective security functionalism third party assistance diplomacy terrorism |
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5 types of violence |
separatist coup revolutionary issues primordial |
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brinton's 5 stages of revolution |
old gov. system declines 1st stage revolution moderate takeover extremist takeover thermidor |
