Pols Exam Iii

Front 1

Political Participation

Back 1

Any activity that seeks to influence public decisions

Front 2

Hierarchical

Back 2

Arranged in order of increase or decrease to a characteristic.

Front 3

Cumulative

Back 3

To increase by adding on instead of increasing by substituting new activities for old ones.

Front 4

Public socialization

Back 4

The process of learning about politics as we learn our language and culture.

Front 5

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Back 5

The rank one has in a hierarchy determined by occupational prestige, income, education, and wealth.

Front 6

Lobbying

Back 6

Personally contacting a public official to influence a decision.

Front 7

Grassroots lobbying

Back 7

Attempting to influence others to contact a public offical personally.

Front 8

Astroturf Lobbying

Back 8

The use of various techniques by public relations firms to simulate lobying by individuals. It is regarded as atrificial grassroots lobbying.

Front 9

Public hearing

Back 9

A meeting at which decision makers listen to the public in order to gather information.

Front 10

Appointmenteering

Back 10

An attempt to influence appointments to public office.

Front 11

Electioneering

Back 11

A wide range of activities involved in getting someone elected to public office.

Front 12

Retail Politics

Back 12

Personal contact with citizens by telephone or door-to-door canvassing in order to mobilize them to vote or participate in some other way.

Front 13

Wholesale politics

Back 13

Using the mass mesia to reach voters.

Front 14

Demonstrating

Back 14

Group attempts to bring public attention to an issue and making public officials aware of the intensity of group feelings.

Front 15

Litigating

Back 15

Using the legal system to influence public policy.

Front 16

Salience

Back 16

To stand out and be strikingly conspicuous; prominent.

Front 17

Powell's paradox

Back 17

Despite the fact that they are more predisposed to participate and that they participate in some activities more than people in other countries, Americans vote at a lower rate than do citizens in other industrial democracies.

Front 18

Collective bargaining

Back 18

The right of workers, after winning a majority in an organizing election, to bargain with management on working conditions such as safety, wages, and benefits.

Front 19

Free rider

Back 19

individuals who enjoy collective benefits without making a contribution to obtaining or defending them.

Front 20

Collective benefits

Back 20

Benefits we enjoy whether we helped obtain them or not.

Front 21

Interest Group

Back 21

A formal organization through which individuals seek to promote or defend a shared interest by influencing public policy

Front 22

Public Policy

Back 22

Decisions that determine what government does, or does not, do.

Front 23

Political party

Back 23

any group, however loosely organized, seeking to elect government officeholders under a given label.

Front 24

primary election

Back 24

an election in which voters choose a party's nominees for public office

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closed primary

Back 25

A party nominating election (primary) in which only registered members of the party can participate.

Front 26

open primary

Back 26

A party nominating election (primary) in which any qualified voter can participate regardless of party affliction.

Front 27

party identification

Back 27

A voter's sense of psycological attachment to a political party

Front 28

runoff primary

Back 28

An election between the top two candidates when no candidate recieves a majority in a primary election. The runoff ensures that the eventual nominee will have recieves a majority vote.

Front 29

General Election

Back 29

Statewide elections held of the first Tuesday after the first Nonday of November of even numbered years. These elections determine who will fill government offices.

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Special election

Back 30

Any election that is called at a time that does not conform to the regular election calendar.

Front 31

Bond election

Back 31

An election for the purpose of cbtaining voter approval for a government's going into debt by selling bonds to private investors.

Front 32

Recall

Back 32

An electoral procedure for removing an elected official from office before the end of his or her specified term.

Front 33

Referendum

Back 33

An election that allows voters to determine a policy issue directly.

Front 34

Initiative

Back 34

A procedure by which individuals can propose legislation by gathering a specified number of signatures and submitting a petition to a designated agency.

Front 35

Suffrage

Back 35

The right to vote

Front 36

Property qualification

Back 36

A requirement that an individual must own property to vote.

Front 37

White primary

Back 37

A type of nominating election used by the Democratic party in Texas to prohibit African American from voting to select the pary's candidates for office.

Front 38

Poll tax

Back 38

A voting requirement requiring the payment of a tax in order to become eligible to vote. Used as a device to discriminate against minority groups in voting, poll taxes were made unconstitutional by the twenty-Fourth Amendment.

Front 39

The Electoral party

Back 39

The elected psrty's officials, employees, volunteers, and activists who attend party conventions.

Front 40

Precenct Chair

Back 40

The permanent party official at the precinct level.