Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Empirical Observations (data collection methods)
|
Physical Observation
Documents Interview Data |
|
|
Validity-
Reactivity Costs & Availability of Data |
V- attain most accurate results
R-measure of alteration based on a reaction to the question C&A- taking into acount how much research and data is reasonable |
|
|
Data that is recorded and used by the researcher making the observation is called __________. Whereas data from a written record is usually called _______
|
Primary,
Secondary |
|
|
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
|
Research proposal that involves human research must be reviewed for ethical purposes
|
|
|
Informed Consent
|
subjects are given knowledge of the research procedure, purpose, benefits (must be wary of reactivity)
|
|
|
Direct Observation
|
researcher observes actual behavior with the observation occurring
|
|
|
Field Study- DO
|
open ended and wide ranging rather than structured observationin a natural setting
|
|
|
Participant observation
|
look up
|
|
|
Informant -
|
person willing to be interviewed about the activities and behavior they were involved in- help to figure out group behavior
|
|
|
Indirect Observation
|
Inferences based on physical traces can be drawn about people and their bheavior - nonreactive- subjects dont know they are being studied
|
|
|
Document Analysis
|
empirical observation using written record Data- and results
|
|
|
Episodic Records
|
records that are not part of an ongoing systematic record keeping program but are produced and preserevd for a more causal personal and accidental manner--- ex: personal diaries, memoirs, manuscripts, autobiog, media, brochures, pamphlets
|
|
|
Running Record
|
more likely to be produced by organizations than by private citizens it is carefully stored iand easily accessed- Statistics
|
|
|
Content Analysis
|
systematic procedure by which records are transformed into quanititative data
|
|
|
Recording/Coding Unt
|
In content analysis- units distinguished for transcription description recoding or coding
|
|
|
Intercoder Reliability
|
demonstration that mnulitple analystsits following the same content analysis procedure agree and obtain the same measurements
|
|
|
Survey Instrument
|
carefully structured or scripted set of questions that may be administered face to face or by mail telephone by mail by internet.
|
|
|
Survey Research
|
alternative data collection and research design method to experiments simulation and formal modeling. Research based on direct and indirect interview methods
|
|
|
Response Rates
|
proportion of individuals who cantacted who actually participate
|
|
|
sample- population congruence
|
refers to hwo well the subjects represent the population. How well do the individuals who responded actualy represent the popl
|
|
|
response quality
|
the extent to which accurate information is provied in responses
|
|
|
interviewer bias
|
interviewers influence on a respondents answer
|
|
|
Common wording mistakes
|
double barrelled quastions -open ended questions- leading questions closed ended q
|
|
|
push poll
|
a poll intended to not collect info but to feed respondents often false and damging info about a candidtae or cause
|
|
|
Closed ended question advantage
|
easy to answer and short. Answers are precoded and easy to categorize data
|
|
|
single sided question:
|
agree or disagree
|
|
|
Double sided question
|
offer too options
|
|
|
question order effect
|
order in which questions are represented to respondents may influence reliability nd validity of question
|
|
|
Response set
|
When questions answered have the same answer over and over... Responses should vary therefor questions shoudl invoke various answers ex: Agree Agree Agree Agree ex: Slighty Agree Maybe Neutral Agree
|
|
|
questionaire design
|
make it appealing and easy to take
|
|
|
archived survey Disadvant and Advant
|
+ already researched
+lower cost - may not be specific |
|
|
interview
|
simply act of asking individuals a series of questions and recording their responses
|
