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100 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the key assumptions of Realism?
States, like individuals, are rational actors.
International politics operates in anarchy.
What is a typical "constructivist" argument?
There does not exist a previously established set of interests or preferences for nation-states. A country's interests and identities are shaped by its society and culture.
According to Snow, what are the new developments of terrorism in the post-September 11 world?
Leaderless resistance, decentralized organization, and use of the public announcement via modern mass media.
What is true about Hamas?
Hamas is a militantly-based political group elected into the Palestine Parliament.
What are the major characteristics of an irresolvable conflict?
The conflict includes a territory that only one party can have power over, it is seen as a zero-sum game, and it is deeply emotional and fundamental.
Under what circumstances would nuclear deterrence work?
Between two countries with nuclear weapons, both of which has the capacity to retaliate if the other initiates a strike.
On what basis does Snow argue that the military supremacy of the U.S. has compromised the conventional practice of Mutually Assured Destruction?
The U.S. can possibly destroy the nuclear capacity of other major nuclear powers with the first strike.
Iran is trying to acquire its first batch of nuclear weapons. Snow conceptualizes this attempt primarily as:
"horizontal proliferation"
Regarding the pipeline problem, Snow argued that
efforts of building this pipeline may be thwarted by political complications such as political conflicts and hatred among the countries involved in the project.
In what way are terrorist objectives "political"?
Many terrorists aim at changing the distribution of power in domestic or international politics through terrorist acts.
In Fog of War, McNamara argued that proportionality should be principle for war. Why?
With this principle, you may avoid inflicting damages that are beyond achieving your objectives. In other words, you may avoid over-killing.
Regarding the idea of rationality, McNamara argued that
In the nuclear era, potential damages caused by human fallacy is too great. Therefore, the idea of absolute "rationality" is unreliable.
Which of the following circumstances MOST CLOSELY resembles a "security dilemma"?
When country A acquires weapons to bolster its defensive capacity, its neighbors feel insecure and buy weapons as well. This leads to an arms race.
Which is the oldest school of thought on international relations?
Realism.
One version of the democratic peace theory argues that democratic countries don't fight with each other because their capitalist economic systems promote free trade, which constitutes a peaceful method of resolving conflicts over material interests. Which school of International Relations theories does this argument belong to?
Liberalism.
Which concept best captures this scenario: the world may be peaceful and orderly when a superpower creates and sustains an international order by supporting international institutions and promoting international norms and successfully persuades other states to follow this order.
Hegemonic Stability
Which idea does not belong to Liberalism?
States can be "educated" or "socialized" to forgo self-interests and work for altruistic purposes.
Preemptive strikes can be justified by...
Offensive Realism.
In Clash of Civilizations, Samuel Huntington predicted that the faultline of future conflict would lie between...
The West and the rest
The episode we watched on "the European capital of Terrorism" did NOT discuss _________ as a factor that directly contributes to the on-going development of the conflict between Northern Ireland and the UK.
Intervention of the international community
Adaptive problems are
problems that ancient human beings had to solve repeatedly in order to survive.
Singer used blood donation as an example to demonstrate that
human nature (evolutionary psychology) enables humans to help each other, even if they are not directly related to each other genetically.
According to Evolutionary Psychology,
our mind consists of "pre-programmed" modules.
Fukuyama suggested that knowledge and understanding of human nature help us to avoid setting up political institutions that are not compatible with basic human nature. According to him, which one of the following political institutions/systems should be avoided for this reason?
Communism.
Which of the following is true in regards to Evolutionary Psychology's position on how human nature changes?
Human nature changes extremely slowly in accordance to changes of the physical and cultural environments that humans live in.
Our mind is not capable of quickly adapting to emerging problems and issues in the modern society.
As discussed in class, an institution is defined as
a set of rules that all parties understand and abide by.
In regards to kin selection, "r", the relatedness coefficient, refers to
a module in our mind that makes us favor people who are genetically more closely related to us.
According to Evolutionary Psychology, the modules in our mind were developed through the process of
solving adaptive problems.
In a Darwinian Left, Peter Singer argued that
we can rely on Evolutionary Psychology's finding of human nature as a valuable theoretical basis to design effective social and political institutions.
According to our class discussion, what directly contributed to the emergence of post-modern values in Northern and Western European countries?
Their welfare state model and their economic development after WWII.
In a Darwinian Left, Peter Singer refuted the Rightest interpretation of Evolutionary Psychology by arguing that
The fact that human beings are by nature competitive does not mean they can't cooperate. Rather, findings of social psychology and evolutionary psychology have provided substantial evidence on the readiness of humans to cooperate.
According to Evolutionary Psychology, social accounting module helps us to
calculate potential costs and payoffs of cooperating with a particular person.
One example we discussed in class shows that men around the world prefer the same waist-hip ratio for women. What is the Evolutionary Psychology explanation for this cross-cultural similarity?
Waist-hip ratio is an indicator for women's fertility. Therefore, there is a module in the male mind to appreciate the ratio that indicates higher levels of fertility.
Fukuyama discussed three possible approaches to define human rights. If we go to different countries, interview people who live in these countries about their ideas of human rights, and try to derive a set of universal human rights on this basis, we would be using an approach based on...
a positivist view of rights.
What would be deemed as a proper adaptive problem by evolutionary psychologists?
how to find the right food.
Which author that we have read is a big advocate for animal rights?
Peter Singer.
What was the main argument that Elizabeth Warren made in her campaign speech we watched in class?
In today's world, no family/family business can survive or succeed w/out the support of social infrastructures such as roads, market, and schools. So, successful businesses should pay more taxes to help sustain the infrastructure.
According to Ronald Inglehart, what is an appropriate example of postmodern cultural changes?
In Northern and Western European societies, people have become increasingly concerned with matters that are not directly related to economic efficiency such as environmental wellbeing, animal welfare, and individual autonomy.
Why did Evolutionary Psychologists Leda Cosmides and John Tooby draw a comparison between our mind and a Swiss Army Knife?
They want to argue that our mind consists of many modules "designed to tackle with specific tasks, just like the different gadgets of the knife.
Which appropriately illustrates the practice of sovereign power?
A country enforces its capital punishment laws without interferences from the "international community".
According to Collier, where do most of the "bottom billion" live?
Africa.
As we saw in Blood Diamond and discussed, diamonds fuel civil wars because...
There is a huge market for diamonds in the West.
Diamonds are a highly valuable primary commodity for export.
The government is so weak that rebels are constantly contending for political power.
As we discussed several times in class, the economists’ understanding of what makes the more crucial condition for economic development has changed drastically in the past few decades. Which of the following statement accurately describes these changes?
The economists' emphasis has shifted from physical and monetary capital to human and social capital.
In class we discussed that Paul Collier's explanations for the conflict trap is fundamentally an economics theory. This is because he argues
dire economic situations such as low level of economic development and slow growth are the root causes for rebellion.
What is the World Bank definition of extreme poverty?
living on less than $1.25 a day.
According to our class discussion, the idea and practice of micro-financing contributes to poverty alleviation efforts by
providing small loans to the poor who do not have access to financial services such as taking a loan in the conventional banking system.
NGOs often facilitate direct political participation by
providing a venue for people to directly engage in political and social activities that they care about.
Which of the following qualify as "primary commodity export"?
India exporting rubies and other precious stones to the rest of the world.
Why is social capital important in stopping sex-trafficking
social capital helps women to cooperate with others and develop their social network.
What is a trans-state issue, according to Snow?
Greenhouse gas reduction.
The AIDS epidemic.
Why are many young women trapped in prostitution in less developed societies?
lacking self-esteem, they don't believe they would find a "place" in the society for themselves.
Many are attached to their brothel for various reasons such as drug addiction and affectionate ties with the brothel owners.
There lacks a support system in the society to help them get education and good jobs.
As we discussed in this section, underdevelopment
is a complex issue that consists of economic, political, social, and cultural conditions.
According to our class discussion, which one of the following is an intangible good that determines people's quality of life in our modern society?
access to educational opportunities.
Snow's concept of "trans-state issue" is a significant one by pointing out that
cooperation among nation-states has become a necessity in present-day international politics to solve many of the world's problems.
In class we briefly discussed that the economic systems in many colonies during the colonial era can be characterized "extractive economies" because
the "mother countries" basically extract resources needed in their own countries while disregarding the needs to build a balanced and sustainable economic system for the locals.
Which of the following is NOT true about NGOs?
NGOs cannot take any financial support from governments or government agencies. Otherwise they lose their "non-governmental" status.
Which of the following is an IGNO?
Engineers Without Borders
Why is trust a crucial component of social capital?
Because trust makes it easier for members of a society to cooperate with each other.
In which of the following senarios does country X have high "human capital"?
Country X's workforce is generally speaking well educated, skilled, and capable.
In the episode of Age of AIDS we watched in class, one African country, led by its president, demonstrated to the world that prevention is a viable solution to the AIDS pandemic. Which country is?
Uganda
What was the main objective of the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944?
Promote free trade as a key component in the post-WWII world economic order
Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the theory of comparative advantage?
The theory of comparative advantage argues that each country should specialize on what they do well (produce most efficiently) and trade with each other.
According to advocates of globalization, what are the logical consequences if each and every country in the world capitalizes on their comparative advantage?
Worldwide division of labor.
Increase of efficiency in worldwide economic production.
Increasing interdependence among nation-states.
Institutional changes and cultural changes should occur simultaneously in successful democratization process. Cultural changes include
Changing people’s beliefs and norms.
The world witnessed a surge of democratization in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This is mainly because
Former Soviet states adopted democratic political systems.
Which one of the following is the most powerful and important driving force of globalization:
Global economic integration
What is the major argument of the "fallacy of electoralism"?
Elections alone do not constitute a reliable or sufficient indicator of a sustainable and healthy democracy.
According to political socialization theories, which of the following groups are in their "formative years" or "impressionable years" as we discussed in class?
College students
Based on our class discussion, the video on KFC in China demonstrate that
Products as well as the ideas behind them are globalized simultaneously.
In the debate on the benefits of globalization as introduced in our class, which one of the following is used as evidence to demonstrate the negative effects of globalization?
Worldwide increase of economic inequality
In class we discussed the differences between three perspectives on globalizations: hyper-globalizers, skeptics, and the transformational perspective. Which one of the following fits into the hyper-globalizer perspective?
Globalization will develop without much hindrance and eventually bring about de-nationalization and a global civilization.
Which one of the following phenomena symbolizes what we call “regional integration” or “regionalization”?
Formation and Development of the European Union
According to our class discussion, theories of political socialization demonstrate that large-scale, society-wide value changes occur through
Generational replacement
Which of the following is true about the Washington Consensus?
It embodies a package of Western values such as free trade, capitalism, and small government that further facilitated international trade.
What would be a common outcome of westernization and globalization (in the authentic meaning of this term), according to our class discussion?
People in different parts of the world share an increasingly similar global culture.
The World Trade Organization is a
International organization.
In class, we discussed the differences between authoritarian and democratic regimes. Which of the following is true?
In principle, the power is held by the public in democracies whereas power is held by "authorities" (elites, oligarchies, monarchies, and so on) in authoritarian regimes.
In class we discussed how public participation and civil society are two important criteria for measuring a healty democracy in addition to elections. Why?
Without political participation and civil society, elections can be easily twisted and manipulated to favor the politically powerful.
As globalization weakens the sovereign power of nation states, some other organizations have gained power and influence in the globalization era. According to our class discussion, these "new actors" on the international stage include
Multinational corporations.
International organizations such as the WTO.
International non-governmental organizations such as transnational labor advocacy groups.
The LDP in Japan and the PRI in Mexico have been the governing party in these two countries for decades despite the multi-party institutional framework that is in place. Which of the following does NOT explain their sustained success?
In both countries, the mainstream political culture encourages people to organize, empower themselves and challenge the authority.
Snow, in his chapter on global warming, discusses the debates and disagreements among scientists about the climate change. Despite all these disagreements, the agreement about climate change is on:
The fact that the globe has indeed been getting warmer.
According to Snow and our class discussion, what are the contributors to the overall difficulty in combating global warming effectively?
It is hard to build consensus among different individuals and interest groups regarding what constitutes effective solutions for the climate change.
There is no overarching government that could coercively enforce policies and laws in international politics.
Rational individuals are inclined to free ride, therefore, they lack the incentives to contribute to public goods such as environmental wellbeing.
According to the documentary “Who Killed the Electric Car,” why were the electric cars withdrawn from the market?
Groups with invested interests in gas cars, such as oil companies, worked and lobbied to get rid of the electric car.
The Kyoto Protocol attracted a great deal of attention, comments, and criticisms from both its proponents and opponents. What is the primary goal of the Protocol?
Reducing greenhouse gas emission.
What is true about International Regimes, including those that are set up to resolve global environmental issues?
International regimes provide a platform for nation-states to negotiate and cooperate for mutual interests.
An international regime establishes a set of rules, norms, principle, procedures, and institutions to help resolve problems in one specific issue area.
International regimes promote norms and principles to facilitate collective action among nation states.
In class we discussed the development of global environmental politics over the past three decades as manifested in three world submit meetings. Which one of the following accurately characterizes general trends of this development?
Environmental wellbeing gradually became a mainstream issue in international politics.
What is true about the Kyoto Protocol?
The United States refused to rectify the treaty.
The Protocol set different emission reduction targets for different member states.
The Protocol represented the most comprehensive international efforts at dealing with climate change up to that point.
The countries that were targeted to commit to emission reduction in the negotiations for the Kyoto Protocol were
Industrialized/developed countries.
Which of the following is NOT a public good?
membership at a community gym that you purchase on a yearly basis
The key difference between public good and private good is:
Whether those who do not contribute to the good can be excluded from having access to it.
The collective action problem happens fundamentally because
Rational individuals do not want to contribute to public good.
According to our class discussion, why does Hardin argue that “conscience is self-eliminating”?
Because people realize that their conscience hurts their profits
Which of the following is the most effective strategy to solve the CAP by removing the ROOT CAUSE of the problem?
Privatize the goods.
Given the anarchic nature and the idea of national sovereignty in international politics, what is a realistic and feasible method to facilitate global collaboration on environmental issues, according to our class discussion?
International organizations such as the UN can hold submit meetings among state leaders to help them find common interest and share scientific knowledge.
Which one of the following approaches is advocated by Garrett Hardin in Tragedy of the Commons as a preferable and effective method to resolve the “tragic” situation?
Allow authorities of some sort to enforce rules that members of a society agree upon
As we discussed in class, the major reasons why farmers would want to add additional animals to the pasture are
the payoff for adding one animal is far greater than the costs.
it is difficult or impossible to keep others from adding animals to the pasture.
farmers in Hardin’s “commons” may not be forced to pay for the maintenance of the pasture.
What is the main argument Hardin made in “The Tragedy of the Commons”?
Individual rationality often leads to collective irrationality.
The Bush Administration did not send the Kyoto Protocol to the Senate for ratification. What are the main objections of the Bush administration, according to Snow and our class discussion?
The U.S. was bearing too large a proportion of the world’s target of total emission reduction.
Committing to such large portion of emission reduction would ruin the economy.
Two big emission countries, India and China, are not committed to emission reduction.
Which of the following country withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol during the negotiations for the second term of commitment?
Canada
Which of the following groups of countries continued their commitment to greenhouse gas reduction from the first to the second period of commitment?
The Western and Northern European states.