Pols 160X Ch.3 Unit 2

Front 1

Realists believe that the laws of power are _______ as liberalists believe it is _______ and slowly becoming more _______.

Back 1

timeless,
changing,
peaceful

Front 2

Examples of Reciprocity are ________ _________ and ________ _________ while examples of Identity are changes in _______ and _______ ________.

Back 2

International Organization,
Mutual Cooperation,
Norms,
public opinion

Front 3

As a whole, the current period is the ______ warlike ever with ____ and _____ wars.

Back 3

least,
fewer,
smaller.

Front 4

The worry of terrorist war is the destruction of a _____, not of life on the planet.

Back 4

city

Front 5

In 2005, the _____ ______ finished permanently dismantling its weaponry.

Back 5

Irish Republic

Front 6

The last war with heavily armed forces was the war in _____ in the year ____.

Back 6

Iraq, 2005

Front 7

The last great power war ended over ## years ago.

Back 7

50

Front 8

Immanuel Kant (German philosopher) believed that ______ and _______ were possible.

Back 8

peace,
cooperation

Front 9

Kant's three rules for peace and cooperation were ______, _______, and _______.

Back 9

form a world federation,
Internal Character of Gov't,
Trade promotes peace.

Front 10

A realist view on the promotion of trade between states is that...

Back 10

trade creates more tension in short-term due to the reliance on each other making actors nervous of others posessing more leverage.

Front 11

Kant believed that internationak cooperation was _____ rational than ____.

Back 11

more,
war

Front 12

Kant believed that internationak cooperation was _____ rational than ____.

Back 12

more,
war

Front 13

Neoliberalism refers to states as ______.

Back 13

Unitary actors pursuing own interests.

Front 14

Neoliberalism used the _____ _____ to show that cooperation is possible.

Back 14

Prisoner's Game

Front 15

There was no evidence that reciprocity strength had any effect on ____ _____ ______.

Back 15

long-term cooperation

Front 16

Reciprocity uses both ______ and ______ potentials.

Back 16

cooperative,
conflictual

Front 17

A set of rules, norms, and procedures which the expectations cover in a certain issue.

Back 17

International Regime

Front 18

Some examples of International Regimes are:

Back 18

arms control, intntl trade, Antarctic exploration

Front 19

Through the convergence of expectations, participants have similar ideas of the ______.

Back 19

rules that will govern their mutual participation : everyone plays by the same rules.

Front 20

Regimes solve the collective goods problem by increasing _________.

Back 20

Transparency which coordinates states behaviors.

Front 21

Regimes are more easily established but not maintained with ________ order.

Back 21

hegemonic

Front 22

The formation of alliances of most major actors for the purpose of opposing agression by an actor is called _______.

Back 22

Collective Security

Front 23

The ________ was the predecessor or the United Nations due to it failing to include all the great powers and the will to bear costs of collective arms.

Back 23

League of Nations

Front 24

The successes of _______ are members keeping commitments (no free-riding) and the agreement on what constitues agression.

Back 24

Collective Security

Front 25

The idea of Democratic peace is due to the historic facts of Democracies never _______

Back 25

fighting each other.

Front 26

_________ is on the rise and if all countries adopt the system, more peace is possible in the long-term.

Back 26

Democracization

Front 27

Liberal Institutionalism operates at the _______ level.

Back 27

interstate

Front 28

The Rational Model includes the following five steps:

Back 28

Clarify, Order, (find) Alternatives, Consequences, Choose.

Front 29

The Organizational Process model uses _________ (answers) operating procedures.

Back 29

standardized

Front 30

The Gov't bargaining model aka the Bureaucratic Politics Model operates by bargaining among gov't agencies which creates a ______.

Back 30

mix of interests

Front 31

An example of an Individual Decision Maker is _______.

Back 31

Harry Truman dropping the atomic bomb.

Front 32

Individual decisions include the _____ and _____ of the decision maker.

Back 32

values,
beliefs

Front 33

Individuals are subject to ______, selective ______, and _______ ______ (subconscious filters).

Back 33

misconceptions, perceptions, information screens

Front 34

______ biases deal with the consequences of actions or the cost-benefit of the decision.

Back 34

Affective

Front 35

________ biases are biasis caused by the distortions of the human brain (ex: justification of effort).

Back 35

Cognitive

Front 36

Other biases can be caused by the misconceptions from facts given by _______.

Back 36

officials

Front 37

The Model of ______ _______ accomidates for psychological realitics in the rational model.

Back 37

Bounded Rationality

Front 38

_______ includes picking the best option while _______ includes picking a satisfactory option.

Back 38

Optimizing,
satisficing

Front 39

Like the Bounded Rationality model, the ______ theory also accounts for psychological biases while giving alternatives to risky/uncertain decisions.

Back 39

Prospect

Front 40

Two phases of Prospect theory include ______ (options and probabilities) and _______ (asses/ choose).

Back 40

Editing,
Evaluation

Front 41

Groups tend to be _____ optimistic which makes them _____ willing to take risks.

Back 41

more,
more

Front 42

During a crisis, groups are subject to:

Back 42

Time constraints, groupthink, stess, and sleep deprevation.

Front 43

_________ develop and carry out foreign policy.

Back 43

Bureaucracies

Front 44

All states maintain:

Back 44

diplomatic corp., foreign services, embassies, cosulates, and diplomats.

Front 45

_______ is not a indicator for garanteed power for a bureaucracy.

Back 45

Size

Front 46

Coalitions of people sharing the same view on an issue and banding together to inluence the outcome are called _______.

Back 46

Interest Groups

Front 47

The process of atempting to influence decisions of Legislators is called _____ which causes _______ and can lead to illegal means.

Back 47

Lobbying,
corruption

Front 48

Sucessful lobbying includes these three steps:

Back 48

gain hearing with busy officials,
ability to trade favors for possible action, and the ability to make arguments.

Front 49

According to ______ theory, the key influences on a ________ society are rich owners of big business.

Back 49

Marxist,
Capitalistic

Front 50

In response to the growing inportance of technology, government agencies band together to supply the nation's military which is called the ______.

Back 50

Militart-Industrial Complex

Front 51

Public opinion has greater influence in _________.

Back 51

Democracies

Front 52

The public promotion to win support for foreign policies is called _____.

Back 52

propaganda

Front 53

Media tries to publicize what the government wants to ____.

Back 53

hide

Front 54

In democracies, Public opinion matters less in _______ policy than domestic

Back 54

foreign

Front 55

The minority staying informed about international relations are called the __________.

Back 55

Alternative public

Front 56

The _____ are usual members of the alternative public that include buisinesspeople, journalists, lobbyists, and professors.

Back 56

elite

Front 57

The ____________ refers to the publics increased gov't support during war time.

Back 57

'Round the Flag Syndrome

Front 58

When a nation adopts a foreign policy to create diversion for other policies, it is called_______.

Back 58

Diversionary foreign policy

Front 59

Legislatures _____ challenge an executive on important matters.

Back 59

rarely

Front 60

An example of Legislatures affecting a war against the ruler's wishes by cutting spending that eventually stopped a war, was the the _______.

Back 60

War Powers Act

Front 61

An example of Legislatures affecting a war against the ruler's wishes by cutting spending that eventually stopped a war, was the the _______.

Back 61

War Powers Act

Front 62

How actors define national interests, threats to those interests, and the relationships between them refers to the idea of ________.

Back 62

Constructivism

Front 63

**The fetal abdomen should be measured in trv plane at the level of the umbilical vein and stomach. This is where the umbilical vein branches into the ___ forming a J shape.

Back 63

portal vein

Front 64

The military intervention by states to protect citizens on subjects of another is the definition of __________.

Back 64

Humanitarian intervention

Front 65

Self-determination and human rights become widely valued as _______ enshrines.

Back 65

decolonization

Front 66

Thos who travel, write, meet with elites, change ideas and encourage certain types of norms are called _________.

Back 66

Norm entrepreneurs

Front 67

The idea of ________ states that states have no tangible reality as literature is much more highly valued.

Back 67

Postmodernism

Front 68

The hidden meanings not explicitly addressed in the text (such as the omition of gender) is called the ______.

Back 68

Subtext

Front 69

Postmodernism argues that ________ omits the roles of individuals, domestic politics, economic classes and MNCs in IR.

Back 69

realism

Front 70

_________ is a branch of socialism that the powerful classes opress and exploit the less-powerful classes by denying their fair share of surplus causing class struggle.

Back 70

Marxism

Front 71

Marxism is most influential in the ____________ where capital is scarse and labor conditions wrenched.

Back 71

Global South

Front 72

V.L. Lenin was the founder of the __________.

Back 72

Soviet Union

Front 73

1949 lenist/communist movement triggered national independence from ________ where countries began to thrown out other countries' civilians inhabiting the country.

Back 73

colonialism

Front 74

A russian revolutionary who wanted to spread socialism so that Russia could also adopt the system easier and was killed by Stalin was ________.

Back 74

Leon Trotsky

Front 75

After a period of dormancy, Marxism is beginning to show up again in ________ countries.

Back 75

Latin American

Front 76

When scholars impone their own personal norms and values on a subject is called a ________ bias.

Back 76

normative

Front 77

The use of alternatives to violent forms of leverage is called _________.

Back 77

Conflict Resolution

Front 78

The use of a third party in two conflicting parties is called ________.

Back 78

mediation

Front 79

The process of conflict resolution with the use of a mediator is called _______.

Back 79

arbitration

Front 80

_______ is the glorification of war, military force, and violence through the media or the structuring of society around war (ex: dominant role of military-industrial complex).

Back 80

Militarism

Front 81

Examples of less-militarized cultures show _______'s emphasis on force is not necessary or universal.

Back 81

realism

Front 82

__________refers to the resolving of reasons for war (armies stop forming, reverse economic exploitation and political opression stops).

Back 82

Positive Peace

Front 83

______ violence is caused by a structure of social relations rather than by direct actions such as shooting people.

Back 83

Structural

Front 84

When avenues of legitimate political participation are ____, citizens are ____ likely to turn to violence.

Back 84

open,
more

Front 85

Peace movements are people protesting against ________ and _________.

Back 85

war,
militarism

Front 86

______ followed the principle of non violence who emphsized that the need to be active in preventing violence and to stand up against injustice using violence.

Back 86

Mahatina Gandhi

Front 87

_______ claim that realism is the way that men see the world.

Back 87

Realism

Front 88

females influence IR through ________ channels more than males do.

Back 88

non-state

Front 89

_________invented American realism.

Back 89

Morgenthau

Front 90

________ feminism is when women contribute to IR as themselves (as women have skills in conflict resolution and group decision making more than males).

Back 90

Difference (women are different from men)

Front 91

mayonnaise

Back 91

la mayonnaise

Front 92

_______ means that women and men are equal.

Back 92

Liberal

Front 93

Type of feminism that includes both feminism and postmodernism is_____.

Back 93

Postmodern feminism.

Front 94

In moral reasoning, boys tend to ______ relationships quicker than girls.

Back 94

dissolve

Front 95

Through moral reasoning, boys tend to apply abstract rules and stress _______ rights while girls focus on concrete contexts and responsibilities of others.

Back 95

Individual

Front 96

______ refers to the concept of states being separate autonomous actors that make and break alliances freely while pursuing their own interests while not interferring in other internal affairs.

Back 96

Realism

Front 97

________ ______ emphasize women's unique abilities and contributions as peacemakers but often have provided logistical support to men that has sent them in a war frenzy.

Back 97

Difference femenists

Front 98

During the ______ movement after WWI, difference femenists thought women could vote for peace and against war changing the nature of foreign policy but ended up voting as their husbands.

Back 98

suffrage

Front 99

A _____ ______ shows that there is only a ##% difference from men in the polls when voting on military support.

Back 99

gender gap,
10%

Front 100

____________ believe that when women rule states, they play the game of war just as men and with similar interests.

Back 100

Liberal femenists

Front 101

___________ reject the idea that the idea of realism is __________.

Back 101

Liberal Femenists,
Masculine

Front 102

IN 19_ _, the U.N. General Assembly was ##% male.

Back 102

95,
80%

Front 103

The U.S. Military is comprised of ##% males.

Back 103

80%

Front 104

As seen in Female leaders, they are ___________ or less commited to state soverignty and territory integrity than males.

Back 104

no more peaceful

Front 105

_____ has been long-treated as a normal/ regrettable by-product of war.

Back 105

Rape

Front 106

___________ reject the argument that women bring uniquely feminine assets and liabilities to foreign and military affairs.

Back 106

Liberal feminists

Front 107

Theories of _________ have never been tested since women have never attained predominance in foreign policy making in any country.

Back 107

Difference feminists

Front 108

Postmodern feminists agree with _____ that realism has hidden meanings about gender roles, but deny that there is any fixed inherant meaning in either male or female genders.

Back 108

difference feminism

Front 109

______ argues that even in an anarchic system of autonomous rational states, cooperation can emerge through the building of norms, regimes, and alliances.

Back 109

Neoliberalism

Front 110

The _____ model of decision making has officials that choose actions whose consequences help meet the state's established goals.

Back 110

rational

Front 111

_______ is the main theme in IR while ________ gives an alternative.

Back 111

Realism,
Liberalism

Front 112

The _______ was a proxy war that killed millions as the world feared nuclear war that could wipe out an entire species.

Back 112

The Cold War

Front 113

Post _____, there as been a rise in democracy

Back 113

WWII

Front 114

________foreign policy looks at the similar types of societies to see if they have similar types of foreign policies.

Back 114

Comparative

Front 115

The Organizational process model uses ____________ procedures.

Back 115

Standard(ized) operating

Front 116

A criticism of peace studies is its uses of ______biases.

Back 116

normative

Front 117

Mediation, Citizen diplomacy, Arbitration, Confidence-building, and Linkage are all forms of _________.

Back 117

Conflict Resolution

Front 118

V.L. Lenin's theory of ________ can also be explained by the globalization of class relations.

Back 118

Imperialism