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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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False consciousness |
A belief or perspective that prevents someone from assessing the true nature of a situation. The concept reflects the Marxist idea that capitalism makes it impossible for most people living within the system to see the true nature of their exploitation. |
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Positive liberty |
Liberty that can be increased either by state action or by removing internal obstacles such as immorality or irrationality. |
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Liberal democracy |
A state characterized by free and fair elections, universal suffrage, a relatively high degree of personal liberty, and protection of individual rights. |
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Constitutionalism |
The principle that assigns a special significance to constitutions and rule of law in national life. |
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Infrapolitics |
The subtle ways in which the powerless subvert or undermine the authority of the powerful. |
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Legal-rational authority |
A form of leadership in which authority is largely tied to legal rationality, legal legitamacy, and bureaucracy |
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Negative liberty |
Freedom from external restraint |
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Structuration |
A concept derived from the sociologist Anthony Giddens, referring to all the factors that at once constrain a political system and provide the resources required for it to function. |
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Polyarchy |
A term coined by Robert Dahl to refer to a society where government outcomes are the product of the competition between groups. The rule of minorities, not majorities, is postulated as the normal condition of pluralist democracies. |
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Democratic elitism |
A model of democracy in which voters have the opportunity to choose between competing teams of leaders; an attempt, most closely associated with Joseph Schumpeter, to reconcile elitism with democracy. |
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Cultural pluralism |
The existence in a single society of different behavioural norms determined by culture. From a normative perspective, cultural pluralism may be either desirable or undesirable. |
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Consociationalism |
A form of government involving guaranteed group representation, and is often suggested in managing conflict in deeply divided societies. |
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Deliberative democracy |
A model of democracy based on the principle that discussion and debate among citizens lead to rational, legitimate, and altruistic decision-making. |
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Bicameralism |
A system of government in which the legislature is divided between two separate chambers. Example: Canada's House of Commons and Senate |
