Pollution Prevention - Ch3

Front 1

Fossil Fuels

Back 1

POllution from mining-acid mine drainage, black lung, and combustion which leads to air pollution are the environmental impacts of this type of energy source

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Hydroelectric power

Back 2

Habitat destruction, lower water quality - high temps, siltation are the environmental impacts of this type of energy source

Front 3

Nuclear

Back 3

Accidental exposure to radioactivity, genetic damage, death, disposal of waste are the environmental impacts of this type of energy source

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Troposphere

Back 4

Layer of atmosphere nearest earth. Formation of weather patterns, well-mixed by wind. Temperature descreases with elevation.

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Stratosphere

Back 5

Middle layer of atmosphere. Temperature approximately uniform. Contains ozone layer that absorbs ultraviolet radiation and protects plants and animals.

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Mesosphere and Thermosphere

Back 6

Outer layers of atmosphere. Not too important from environmental standpoint.

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SMOG

Back 7

Type of air pollution formed by Inudstries, homes and automobiles emit volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.

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SMOG

Back 8

Type of air pollution where photochemical reactions also produce ozone.

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SMOG

Back 9

Type of air pollution where temperature inversions trap air in place; pollutant concentrations increase.

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Acid Rain

Back 10

Type of pollution caused by sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides reacting in the atmosphere to produce sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

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Acid Rain

Back 11

Type of pollution where SO2, NO2 can be carried by the wind hundreds of miles from their source.

Front 12

Acid Rain

Back 12

Type of pollution where rain, snowfall, fog and dry deposition can make lakes very acidic, damaging aquatic life

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Acid Rain

Back 13

Type of pollution where terrestrial impacts such as damage to plants, buildings, and statues may also occur.

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Depletion of the Ozone Layer

Back 14

Air Pollution problem where ozone in the stratosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun; UV Radiation can cause skin cancer and eye damage.

Front 15

Depletion of the Ozone Layer

Back 15

Air Pollution Problem caused by several chemicals, most notably chlorofluorocarbons, used as a propellant in aerosol cans, can migrate to the stratosphere and react to destroy ozone.

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Depletion of the Ozone Layer

Back 16

Air Pollution problem where significant depletion in the ozone layer has been detected over the past twenty years.

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Depletion of the Ozone Layer

Back 17

Air pollution prolbems where several nations have agreed to phase out the use of ozone depleting chemicals.

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Global Warming

Back 18

Air pollution prolbme where short wavelength solar radiation penetrates the atmosphere and warms the earth.

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Global warming

Back 19

air pollution prolbem where long wavelength radiation is re-radiated from eather's surface and absorbed by "greenhouse gases", such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and methane.

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Global Warming

Back 20

Air pollution problem caused by increased combustion of fossil fuels in recent decades is believed to cause elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, amplifing the greenhouse effect and raising global temperatures.

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Carbon monoxide

Back 21

crieteria pollutant from clean air act - colorless odorless poison

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Hydrocarbons

Back 22

criteria pollutant from clean air act - diverse group of volatile organic compounds

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Sulfur dioxide

Back 23

criteria pollutant from clean air act - colorless, corrosive gas; forms sulfuric acid

Front 24

Particulate matter

Back 24

criteria pollutant from clean air act - aerosols and ash from unburned fuels, etc

Front 25

Nitrogen oxides

Back 25

criteria pollutant from clean air act - cotribute to smog and acid rain

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Photochemical oxidants

Back 26

criteria pollutant from clean air act - formed by reactions in atmosphere; e.g. ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate

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Lead

Back 27

criteria pollutant from clean air act - toxin, can retard mental development; from combustion, smelting

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Carbon dioxide

Back 28

criteria pollutant from clean air act - from combustion; "greenhouse" gas

Front 29

Precipitation

Back 29

This part of the hydrologic cycle is described by rain, snow, sleet, hail, fog

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Infiltration

Back 30

This source of precipitation pollution is described by vertical movement through pore space in soil

Front 31

Runoff

Back 31

This source of precipitation is when the infiltration capacity of soil is exceeded

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Surface waters

Back 32

This part of the hydrologic cycle is described by lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, etc.

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Groundwater

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This part of the hydrologic cycle is when the pore space in soil and rock filled with water

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Percolation

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This part of the hydrologic cycle is described by the horizontal movement of water through subsurface

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Anthropogenic Source

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This source of water pollution is pollution caused by human origin

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Municipal

Back 36

This sourc eof water pollution is described by suspended soilids, organic matter, nutrients, bacteria, etc

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Industrial

Back 37

This source of water pollution is described by heat, acids and bases, oil and grease, heavy metals, synthetic organic compounds, radioactivity, etc

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Agricultural

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This source of water pollution is described by suspended soilids, nutrients, bacteria, organic matter, pesticides and herbicides

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Natural

Back 39

This source of water pollution is described by salts, hardness, radioactivity (radon)

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Suspended solids

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This classification of substances in water is described by particles larger than 1 micron

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Colloidal solids

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This classification of substances in water is described by particles in the size range of 1 nanometer to micron

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Dissolved solids

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This classification of substances in water is described by particles smaller than 1 nanometer

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Turbidity

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This physical classification is described by cloudiness due to scattering of light by small particles

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Color

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This physical classification is described by yellowish-brown tint due to decomposing vegetation

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Odor

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This physical classification is described by threthold odor number

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Viruses

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Group of microorganism described as very small (0.01 - 0.1 micron) parasites (attach to host)

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Bacteria

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Group of microorganism described as small (0.1 - 10 micron), extremely diverse group of organisms, many useful function in biomedical industry and waste treatment, extremely hih concentrations in human and animal waste

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Algae

Back 48

larger (5-100 micron) photosynthetic microorganisms (energy form light), growth stimulated by excessive nutrient loading (nitrogen and phosphorus), cause aesthetic problems in lakes that limit use for recreation and as water supply - biomass clogs filters; taste and odor; dissolved oxygen depletion

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Protozoa

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Group of microorganism described as larger (5-100 micron) single-celled microorganisms, some are pathogenic, resistant to conventional methods of disinfection, can be removed by filtration

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Solid Waste

Back 50

any discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-liquid, or contaminated gaseous material resulting from inudtrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities

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Municipal solid waste

Back 51

type of solid waste consisting of residual wastes and bulky wastes such as furniture, commercial and institutional wastes, street refuse, dead animals, abandoned vehicles, etc.

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Industrial Wastes

Back 52

type of solid waste described by process wastes remaining after manufacturing of a product. Commercial wastes from office activities, cafeterias, albs, etc. Waste water sludges created during wastewater treatment.

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Hazardous Wastes (RCRRA def)

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cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or pose a substatntial present or potential future hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed of, or otherwise mismanaged

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Hazardous Waste

Back 54

Waste that has one of the following four characteristics, ignitability, reactivity, corrosivity, toxicity

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Superfund Sites

Back 55

abandoned displosal sites which are highly dangerous to the environment and have passed a point scoring system of Federal government