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52 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Political Party
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A group of persons who seek to control government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office.
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Single member district
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Electoral district form which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office.
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Self explanitory
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Plurality vs Majority
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Plurality- In an election, the number of votes that the leading candidate obtains over the next highest candidate. Majority is officially called the opinion of the court; announces the court’s decision in a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based.
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think of Plurge..which means alot..and so does this.
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Bi-partisan
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Two Major parties find common ground and work together
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think of bisexual..they find common ground (which is GAY) and work together to win the debate for prop 8!
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consensus
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General agreement among various groups on fundamental matters; broad agreement on public questions.
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bow to your sensi..which basically means everyone has to agree to do it..broad agreement
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multiparty system..why has it not worked in the US?
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A system in which several major and many lesser parties exist, seriously compete for, and actually win, public offices. American people have refused to give substantial support to any but the two major parties and their candidates, single member districts and the American ideological consensus seem to make the multiparty approach impossible in the United States.
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it hasnt worked because no one likes them..they only like the repub and demo. and thats the way it has been and prob will always be
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coalitions
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A temporary alliance of several groups who come together to form a working majority and so to control a government.
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think of the coal mines..they are workin together and control ssomething in this case it is the government.
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one-party system
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political system in which only one party exists.
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self explanitory
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What are some of the party membership patterns in regards to political party participation? (religion, economic status, etc.)
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n Recent decades, African Americans, catholics and Jews, and union members have voted more often for Democrats. White males, protestants, and the business community have been inclined to back the GOP. A lot of Americans follow the party allegiance of their parents. People with higher incomes are more likely to be Republicans, while those with lower incomes tend to be Democrats.
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incumbent – Why do incumbents have an advantage
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Incumbent is the current office holder.
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IN office
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ideological parties
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Parties based on a particular set of beliefs, a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters.
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kind of self absored views..whatever they want is what they believe. and its a set of beliefs.
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Single-issue parties
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Parties that concentrate on only one public policy matter.
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Self Explanitory
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economic protest parties
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Parties rooted in poor economic times, lacking a clear ideological base, dissatisfied with current conditions and demanding better times.
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basically Self Explanitory..Just think of right now..our Economy is terrible so there is def some exonmic protest parties FURIOUS
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splinter parties
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Parties that have split away from one of the major parties
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take out the L and its self exlanitory..and remember major parties
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electorate
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All of the people entitled to vote in a given election
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all of us..election but its like a person so its an electorate
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Universal requirements for voting
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Citizenship (foreign born residents who have not become citizens cant vote), Residence (have to live in the state), and Age (18 and over)
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C. R. A
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How many days do you have to register before the election in California?
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Some give till the day of election and some are 20 or 30 days beforehand.
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voter registration, what and why
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It’s a procedure of voter identification intended to prevent fraudulent voting. It gives election officials a list of those personsw ho are qualified to vote in an election.
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Literacy requirements for voting.
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Voters had to demonstrate comprehension of some printed material.
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Poll Taxes for voting – 24th Amendments
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The 24th Amendment, ratified in 1964, outlawed the poll tax, or any other tax, as a condition for voting in any federal election.
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15th Amendment
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Declares that the right to vote cannot be denied to any citizen of the United States because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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think of NBA teams..there are 15 on a team and they dont discrminate about black people obviousely and race, and previous condition of servitude
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Gerrymandering
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Is the practice of drawing electoral district lines (the boundaries of the geographic area from which a candidate is elected to a public office) in order to limit the voting.
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mandering..think of boundaries..it jus sounds like boundaries..so u know it has to do with boundaries.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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It outlaws discrimination in several areas, especially in job-related matters. With Regard to voting rights, its most important section forbids the use of any voter registration or literacy requirement in an unfair or discriminatory manner.
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basicaly this jus means doing the right thing..so it outlaws discriminatin
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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This act applied to all elections held anywhere in this country-State and local, as well as federal. It directed the attorney general to challenge the constitutionality of the remaining state poll-tax laws in the federal courts. The law also suspended the use of any literacy test or similar device in any state or county where less than half of the electorate had been registered or had voted in the 1964 presidential election.
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Nonvoters
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People who don’t vote. There are many reasons why people don’t vote. They could be incapable of it, or on vacation, or just don’t really care, and don’t think they are knowledgeable about it to do so.
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reasons why they are non voters
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What other factors affect voter turnout
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Bad weather, Long lines, Sick. Cumbersome election procedures. “Time-zone fallout.” The main cause of people not voting is because they just have lack of interest and don’t really care.
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political socialization
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Process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions.
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sociological factors of voting
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College graduates are more likely to vote Republican. So are persons over 50. African Americans, on the other hand, are more likely to vote for Democrats. So are members of labor unions.
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psychological factors of voting
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The voters’ perceptions of politics how they see and react to the parties, the candidates, and the issues in an election.
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self explanitory
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party identification
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The loyalty of people to a particular political party. It’s the single most significant and lasting predictor of how a person will vote.
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"Straight ticket voting" vs "Split ticket voting"
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Straight- ticket voting is the practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election. And split-ticket voting is the practice of voting for the candidates of more than one party in an election. Split- ticket voting began to increase in the 1960’s and is fairly common today.
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self explanitory..when you think straight think one party..when you think of split think of more than one party ...this is all in an election
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independents- what effect are they having on elections
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These people have no party affiliation. The typical independent was less concerned, less well informed, and less active in politics than those voters who identified themselves as Republicans or Democrats.
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the individuals "misfits" are so fishy that they arent getting knowledgable..they are jus sittin on the couch being weird and smoking weed
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Nomination Process
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Self-announcement- if a person wants to run for office they simply announce that fact. Caucus-A group of like-minded people who meet to select the candidates they will support in an upcoming election. Convention-A partys’ members meet in a local caucus to pick candidates for local offices and, at the same time, to select delegates to represent them at a county convention. direct primary- An intra-party election. It is held within a party to pick that party’s candidates for the general election. Petition- candidates for public office are nominated by means of petitions signed by a certain required number of qualified voters in the election district. Nomination by petition is found most widely at the local level.
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S. C. C. D. P
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Why was the caucus method viewed as closed and undemocratic?
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People condemned them for their closed, unrepresentative character. Criticism of the caucus reached its peak in the early 1820s.
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Closed vs. open primary – advantages vs. disadvantages-
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Advantages for closed- Prevents one party from “raiding” the other’s primary in the hope of nominating weaker candidates in the other party. Helps make candidates more responsive to the party, its platform and its members. It helps make voters more thoughtful because they must choose between the parties in order to vote in the primaries. Disadvantages for closed- compromises the secrecy of the ballot, because it forces voters to make their party preferences known in public. It tends to exclude independent voters from the nomination process. Advantages for Open- Voters are not forced to make their party preferences known in public. The tendency to exclude independent voters is eliminated. Disadvantages for Open- Permits primary “raiding.” Undercuts the concepts of party loyalty and party responsibility.
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read more
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runoff primary
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The two top vote getters in the first party primary face one another for the party’s nomination, and the winner of that vote becomes the nominee.
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just like a shootoff in hockey..the best two players go out to compete to see who wins
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Why is voter turnout in primary elections lower than that of general elections?
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Lack of appreciation. People annoyed with “bed-sheet ballots” and some are concerned because the primary tends to exclude independents from the nominating process.
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absentee
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A process by which they could vote without actually going to their polling places on election day.
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coattail effect
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Occurs when a strong candidate running for an office at the top of the ballot helps attract voters to other candidates on the party’s ticket. In effect, the lesser-known office seeker “rides the coattails” of the more prestigious personality.
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Precinct
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A voting district. They are the smallest geographic units for the conduct of elections.
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they arent even real or the big one yet..cuz they are PRE
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office group ballot vs. party column ballot
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The office group ballot is the original form of the Australian ballot. In a office group ballot the candidates for an office are grouped together under the title of that office. A party column ballot lists each party’s candidates in a column under the party’s name.
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office group are bunched together, under the title of that office..Party ballot lists, under the party name
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Private and Public Sources of Funding
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Small contributors- those who give five dollars or ten dollars or so, and only occasionally. Wealthy and individuals and families- the “fat cats,” who can make large donations and find it in their best interest to make them. Candidates- both incumbents and challengers, their families, and, importantly, people who hold and want to keep appointive public offices. Various nonparty groups- Especially political action committees (PACs). Political action committees are the political arms of special-interest and other organizations with a stake in electoral politics. Temporary Organizations- groups formed for the immediate purposes of a campaign, including fund-raising.
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Federal Election Commission (FEC
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administers all federal law dealing with campaign finance.
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FEC Disclosure Requirements
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The reporting of certain campaign finance information in 1910. No individual or group can make a contribution in the name of another. Cash gifts of more than 100 dollars are prohibited. So, too, are contributions from any foreign source. Any contribution of more than 5,000 dollars must be reported to the FEC no later than 48 hours after it is received. So, too, must any sum of 1,000 dollars or more that is received in the last 20 days of a campaign.
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Political Action Committees
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Seek to affect the making of public policy and, especially, the outcome of elections in the United States. More than 4,000 PAC are active today.
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FEC Limits on Expenditures-
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Limited campaign expenditures by candidates running for seats in the house or senate. Limited how much of their own money candidates could put into their own campaigns. And said that no person or group could spend more than one thousand dollars on behalf of any federal candidate without the candidate’s permission.
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Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns
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Every person who files a federal income tax return can “check off” three dollars of his or her tax payment to the fund.
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Public opinion – How do you learn what you know about politics and government?
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Public opinion is a complex collection of the opinions of many different people. You can learn about it through TV, Radio, and books.
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Straw vote
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They were polls that sought to read the public’s mind simply by asking the same question of a large number of people. Straw votes are still fairly common.
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its like pickin hats from straw..
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the polling process
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Its defined in five steps pollsters must define the universe to be surveyed, construct a sample, prepare valid questions, select and control how the poll will be taken, and analyze and report their findings to the public.
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How can the questions in a poll affect the reliability of the poll?
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They might shape the opinions they are supposed to measure.
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Bandwagon effect” of polling
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Some voters, wanting to be with the winner, jump on the bandwagon of the candidate who is ahead of the polls.
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