Politics Final Pt. 4

Front 1

nomination

Back 1

The process through which political parties winnow down a field of candidates to a single one who will be the party's standard-bearer in the general election

Front 2

general election

Back 2

The precess by which voters choose their representatives from among the parties' nominees

Front 3

caucus

Back 3

Party committees in the House and Senate composed of all members of the party in the chamber. Each party's ______ develops a policy agenda for the party, appoints committees to make committee assignments, and raises campaign money for House and Senate candidates.

Front 4

legislative caucus

Back 4

A method of selecting political candidates that calls for party members in the state legislature to select candidates for statewide office and party members in the House of Representatives to select a party's candidate for president and vice president

Front 5

national party convention

Back 5

A nomination method in which delegates from each state attend a national party meeting to choose the party's candidate for president and vice president

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closed primaries

Back 6

Elections to choose a party's nominees for the general election that are open only to party members

Front 7

open primaries

Back 7

Elections to select a party's candidate for the general election that are open to independents and , in some cases, to member of other parties.

Front 8

caucus method

Back 8

A method of selecting the delegates to a political party's national convention by permitting the state conventions to select representatives from their states

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state presidential primary

Back 9

A method of selecting delegates to a political party's national convention in which the voters directly elect delegates

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frontloading

Back 10

the tendency of states to move their primaries earlier in the season in order to gain more influence over the presidential selection process

Front 11

Magic number

Back 11

the number of delegates needed at a political party's national convention for a candidate to be nominated as the party's candidate for presidency.
equals 50 percent plus one of all delegates at convention

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invisible primary

Back 12

the period of time between the election of one president and the contest to nominate candidates to run in the general election to select the next president

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Super Tuesday

Back 13

The day in early march when several states hold their primaries. These states choose a significant portion of delegates to the national convention

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unit rule

Back 14

A rule that permitted a majority of a state's delegation to a political party's national convention to require that the entire delegation vote the same way

Front 15

electoral college

Back 15

The institution(whose members are selected by whatever means the state legislature chooses) that is responsible for selecting the president of the United States

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proportional plan

Back 16

A plan to revise the electoral college such that the number of electoral college votes given to candidates would be based on the proportion of the popular vote they obtained

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district plan

Back 17

A plan to revise the electoral college that would distribute a state's electoral college votes by giving one vote to the candidate who wins a plurality in each House district and two votes to the winner statewide.

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direct popular election plan

Back 18

a proposal to abolish the electoral college and elect the president directly by national vote

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swing states

Back 19

States in which the outcome of a presidential race is unclear, and both candidates have a realistic chance of winning

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nonpartisan primary

Back 20

A type of election used in Louisiana in which candidates from all political parties run in the same primary, and the candidate who receives the majority of the vote, obtains the office.

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run-off primary

Back 21

A second primary election held between the top two candidate if no candidate received the majority of the votes in the first primary

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reappointment

Back 22

The process of adjusting the number of House seats among the states based on population shifts.

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multimember district

Back 23

A method of selecting representatives in which more than one person is chosen to represent a single constituency

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single-member district

Back 24

A method of selecting representatives in which the people in a district select a single representative

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redistricting

Back 25

The process of redrawing congressional district lines after reapportionment

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gerrymandering

Back 26

The drawing of district lines in such a way as to help or hinder the electoral prospects of a specific political interest

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malapportioned

Back 27

A situation in which the distribution of legislative seats does not accurately reflect the distribution of the population

Front 28

Baker v Carr

Back 28

the 1962 casein which the supreme court overturned the political question in doctrine, holding that legislative apportionment was a justiciable issue that the courts had jurisdiction to hear and decide

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Justiciable issue

Back 29

An issue or topic over which the courts have jurisdiction of power to make decisions

Front 30

Wesberry v Sanders

Back 30

the 1964 case in which the Supreme Court invalidated unequal congressional districts, saying that all legislative districts must contain about equal number of people. The ruling is popularly known as the principle of one person, one vote

Front 31

one person, one vote

Back 31

the idea arising out of the 1964 supreme court decision of wesberry v sanders, that legislative districs must contain about the same number of people

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majority-minority districts

Back 32

districts in which the majority of the population is composed of ethnic or racial minorities

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descriptive representation

Back 33

the view of representation that calls for the racial and ethnic makeup of congress to reflect that of the nation

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substantive representation

Back 34

the concept of representation that states that officeholders do not have to be minorities to accurately represent minority interests

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incumbency advantage

Back 35

the tendency for congressional incumbents to be overwhelmingly successful when they run for reelection due to the nature of congressional districts, resources and relation with constituents, among other reasons

Front 36

pork-barrel benefits

Back 36

government-sponsored projects that bring economic benefits to a congress member's state or district. This is a pejorative term first used in the mid-nineteenth century to describe projects viewed as a waste of tax dollars that serve no purpose other than to aid the reelection of a single incubent

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perks

Back 37

the benefits and support activities that members of congress receive in order to help them perform a job

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advertising

Back 38

the activities of members of congress
(such as sending out newsletters or visiting the district) designed to familiarize the constituency with the member

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credit claiming

Back 39

the efforts by members of congress to get their constituents to believe they are responsible for positive government action

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position taking

Back 40

public statements made by members of congress on issues of importance to the constituency

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open seats

Back 41

elections in which there is no incumbent running for reelection