Political Science Test 3

Front 1

How old do you have to be to serve in the House?

Back 1

25

Front 2

How old do you have to be to serve in the Senate?

Back 2

30

Front 3

How long do you have to be a citizen before you can serve in the House?

Back 3

7 years

Front 4

How long do you have to be a citizen before you can serve in the Senate?

Back 4

9 years

Front 5

How long are terms in the House?

Back 5

re-elected every 2 years

Front 6

How long are terms in the Senate?

Back 6

6 year term; 1/3 of the senate stands for re-election every two years

Front 7

the district a member of cogress represents; the area within the electoral boundaries & its residents

Back 7

constituency

Front 8

How many seats are in the House of Representatives?

Back 8

435

Front 9

the seats of the house of representatives are allocated among the states based on the latest census

Back 9

reapportionment

Front 10

states that gain or lose seats and states whose population shift within the state must redraw teir district boundaries

Back 10

redistricting

Front 11

a district whose boundaries are devised to maximize the political advantage of a party or a racial group

Back 11

gerrymander

Front 12

answering questions and doing personal favors for constituents who write orcall for help

Back 12

casework/constituency service

Front 13

special projects, new programs, buildings, etc. that bring jobs, benefits, and business to an incumbents district or state

Back 13

pork barrel projects

Front 14

current holder of a political office

Back 14

incumbent

Front 15

members of the House select this person to act as its presiding officer and for the vice president of the US to serve as the President of the Senate

Back 15

Speaker of the House

Front 16

decides which bills were to come to the floor for debate

Back 16

The Rules Committee

Front 17

party meetings and party members collectively

Back 17

party caucus

Front 18

2nd in line for presidency after the VP; main duties are to act as presiding officer and to see that leiglation moves through the House

Back 18

Speaker of the House

Front 19

second in ommand to the speaker and is officially in charge ofthe party's legislative agenda; also schedules votes on bills

Back 19

majority leader

Front 20

the leader of the minority party

Back 20

minority leader

Front 21

try to maintain contact w. party members, determine which way they are leaning on votes and attempt to gain their support

Back 21

party whips

Front 22

20 in the house; sixteen in the senate; each deal w. a different subject matter; nearly all legislation in introduced in Congress s referred to these

Back 22

standing committees

Front 23

session held by a committee that allows for an opportunity to rewrite a bill

Back 23

markup

Front 24

the most influential member of a committee; has the authority to call meetings, set agendas, and control committee staff and funds

Back 24

committee chairs

Front 25

the member ofthe majority party w. the longest service on a committe becomes its chair; NOT VALID anymore

Back 25

seniority rule

Front 26

power to lay and collect taxes, coin money, declare war and raise and support a military, and regualte commerce w. foreign gov. and among the states

Back 26

powers given to Congress by the founders

Front 27

powers given to congress mentioned in the Constitution

Back 27

enumerated powers

Front 28

congress's ability to make all the laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out its enumerated powers

Back 28

implied powers

Front 29

where tax measures & appropriation bills must be introduced

Back 29

the house of representatives

Front 30

mechanism for delay in the senate; continuous speech made by one or more members to prevent senate from taking action on a bill

Back 30

filibuster

Front 31

vote of 3/5 of the members closes or ends debate on an issue 30 hours after it is invoked

Back 31

cloture

Front 32

a committee set up to try to resolve differences between two versions of a bill in the house & senate

Back 32

conference committee

Front 33

congress's responsibility to make sure that the bureaucracy is administering federal programs as the constitution intended

Back 33

oversight

Front 34

acts that enable agencies and departments to operate, either by creating them or by authorizing their continuance

Back 34

authorizations

Front 35

customary ways of interacting with colleagues both on and of the floor of congress; help keep the institution running smoothly by attempting to minimize friction and allowing cometition to occur within an atmosphere of civility

Back 35

informal norms

Front 36

how a member of congress becomes an expart in a few policy areas

Back 36

specializing

Front 37

"you support my bill, and i'll support yours"; helps each member get the votes they need

Back 37

reciprocity

Front 38

organized by members of congress who share interests to pool their strength in promoting share interets and gaining passage of related legislation

Back 38

special interest caucus

Front 39

taking an issue debate to the public through the media

Back 39

going public

Front 40

conditions to be a president

Back 40

"natural born citizen", at least 35 years old, resided in the US for at least 14 years before taking office

Front 41

authority to bring formal charges against a president for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors"

Back 41

impeachment

Front 42

chief executive, chief of state, chief diplomat, and commander in cheif

Back 42

duties of the president

Front 43

represntative of the entire nation

Back 43

head of state

Front 44

senators from the president's party a virtual veto over appointments to positions, including judicial appointments, in their states

Back 44

senatorial courtesy

Front 45

power to take action and issue orders that ensure that "te laws be faithfully executed"; given to the president by the courts have the force of law & are a form of legislative power residing in the executive branch

Back 45

executive orders

Front 46

the right of a president to refuse to makepublic some internal documents and private conversations

Back 46

executive privilege

Front 47

one party controls the white house and another controls one or both houses of congress

Back 47

divided government

Front 48

when the president objects a bill & sends it back to congress with his objections

Back 48

veto power

Front 49

presidents role as "first general" and "first admiral"

Back 49

commander and chief

Front 50

passed by congress to limit the president's ability to commit troops to combat

Back 50

war powers resolution

Front 51

first presidential effort to use the media to speak directly and regularly to people in their homes; started by roosevelt

Back 51

fireside chats

Front 52

the unconscious and conscious "social contact" Americans have with the president since 1930

Back 52

personal presidency

Front 53

the strategy of making a direct presidential appeal to the people to gain cooperation from congress and washington power brokes

Back 53

going public

Front 54

the increasing frequency of stage-managed photo ops, featuring the president n a dramatically staged event or setting

Back 54

spectacle presidency

Front 55

act passed by congress, provides for public participation in the rule-making process

Back 55

Administrative Procedure Act (APA)

Front 56

act passed by congress that lets any member of the public apply to an angency for access to unclassified documents in its archives

Back 56

Freedom of Information (FOIA)

Front 57

a law mandating openness in government; requires that most government meetings be conducted in public and that notice of such meetings must be posted in advance

Back 57

sunshine act

Front 58

smaller than departments and their heads do not sit in the cabinet; appointed by and responsible to the president

Back 58

independent agencies

Front 59

bureaucrats convert laws passed by congress and signed by the president into rules and actions that have an actual impact on people & things

Back 59

policy implementation

Front 60

the power to draft, as well as executive, specific policies; granted by congress to executive branch agencies when a problem requires technical expertise

Back 60

delegated legislative authority

Front 61

policy that produces rules, standards, or guidelines conferring benefits and imposing restrictions on business conduct and economic activity

Back 61

regulation

Front 62

established by the pendleton act; fills designated positions within the bureaucracy with people who had proved their competence in competitive examinations

Back 62

civil service commission

Front 63

jobs under the civil service commission's jurisdiction are in this; protected people holding meri positions from presure to support or oppose particular candidates and from dismissal for political reasons

Back 63

merit system

Front 64

established by the merit system as a professinal standard for civil service employees; requires that individuals filling merit positions be chosen for their expertise in executive policy and that they carry out their work in a nonpartisan or neutral manner

Back 64

neutral competence

Front 65

1939; prohibited federal employees from active participation in partisan campaings, even at the state and local levels

Back 65

hatch act

Front 66

established by bush that a president's pwers as chief executive are not divided but unitary; his orders to executive branch agencies trump any directions from congress or the court

Back 66

unitary executive

Front 67

the authority to declare laws or actions of government officials unconstitutional

Back 67

judicial review

Front 68

proposed by roosevelt; authorized the president to nominate and the senate to confirm a new justice for every justice over seventy who did not retire; up to a total of fifteen

Back 68

court-packing plan

Front 69

the US Supreme Court; an activist court that expanded the rights of criminal defendants and racial and religious minorities

Back 69

warren court

Front 70

the supreme court; maintained most of the rights expanded by its predecessor and issued important rulings n abortion and sexual discrimination

Back 70

burger court

Front 71

the supreme court; a conservative court, but one that did not overturn most previous rulings

Back 71

rehnquist court

Front 72

the supreme court under chief justice john roberts

Back 72

roberts court

Front 73

trial courts; 94 based on population but with at least one in eac state; multiple judges, although a single judge or a jurty decides each case

Back 73

district courts

Front 74

intermediate appellate courts; hear cases that have been decided by the district courts and hen appealed by the losers; 12 in the based on "cirtcuits"/regions of the country; numerous judges, a panel of three judges decides each case

Back 74

court of appeals

Front 75

the authority to hear and decide cases

Back 75

jurisdiction

Front 76

criminal defendents who have exhausted appeals in state courts to appeal to a federal district court; latin for "have ye the body"

Back 76

habeas corpus

Front 77

allows senators in the president's party to recommend, or veto, candidates for judgeships in their state

Back 77

senatorial courtesy

Front 78

those cases in which govrnments prosecute persons for violating laws

Back 78

criminal cases

Front 79

cases in which persons sue others for denying thei rights and causing them harm

Back 79

civil cases

Front 80

latin for "made more certain"; granted by the court and means the court will hear the case after it has been appealed

Back 80

write of certiorari

Front 81

passed by congress to protect people from discrimination in employment and public accommodations

Back 81

americans with disabilities act

Front 82

believe that the judiciary is the least democratic branch because federal judges are appointed for like rather than elected and reelected

Back 82

restrained judges

Front 83

less concerned wit showing appropriate defernce and following proper procedures; more outraged at injustice

Back 83

activist judges

Front 84

arose from the disputed presidenial election of 2000, the conservative majority deliberately intervined, picked the president, although the constitution lays out the procedures to resolve electoral deadlocks

Back 84

bush v. gore

Front 85

latin for "stand by what has been decided"; judges are expected to follow precedents established by their court or higher courts in previous cases

Back 85

stare decisis

Front 86

legal arguments filed in court cases by individuals or groups who aren't litigrants in the cases; often provide new information to the court and usually urge the judges to rule one way

Back 86

friend of the court briefs

Front 87

the joint opinion by a majority of the judges in a federal court case which explains why the judges ruled as they did

Back 87

majority opinion

Front 88

the opinion by one or more judges in a court case who agre with the decision but not with the reasons given by the majority for it; offers an alternate legal argument for the ruling

Back 88

concurring opinion

Front 89

the opinion by one or more judges in a court case who do not gree with the decision of the majority; urge a different outcome

Back 89

dissenting opinion

Front 90

requirment in georgia and other states for voters to elect several state department heads rather than having them appointed by the governer

Back 90

plural executive

Front 91

method of providing services in which a government authorizes a company to sell a service to the public in exchange for payment

Back 91

franchise

Front 92

supreme court case requiring police to notify suspects of their rights

Back 92

Miranda v. Arizona

Front 93

the standard for issuing a search warrant

Back 93

probable cause

Front 94

do presidents popularity generally decline during their time in office

Back 94

yes

Front 95

is the house or the senate more rule bound and centrally organized?

Back 95

HOUSE

Front 96

no state shall deny due processof law

Back 96

14th amendment

Front 97

protection against unreasonable searches and seizures

Back 97

4th amendment

Front 98

double jeopardy, self incrimination, cannot be denied of life, liberty, or property without due process of law

Back 98

5th amendment

Front 99

speedy & public trial

Back 99

6th amendment

Front 100

excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed

Back 100

8th amendment

Front 101

armed robbery and murder; sentenced to death; argued that punishment was cruel and unusual

Back 101

gregg v. georgia

Front 102

furman was robbing a house & while trying to escape he fell and accidently fired his weapon which shot & killed the homeowner; sentenced to death

Back 102

Furman v. Georgia

Front 103

courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys

Back 103

gideon v. wainwright

Front 104

violated 1st, 4th, & 14th amendments; reqired people running for government to take drug test

Back 104

chandler v. miller

Front 105

violated 4th amendment; did not have a warrant to enter house to look for bomb fugitive, entered anyways, found pornography which violated obscene material act

Back 105

mapp v. ohio