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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A feeling of deprivation based on comparison to others' conditions
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relative deprivation
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Power Transition Theory
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states will fight each other as they gain parity of power
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States that are internationally recognized, but whose governments cannot provide their citizens with even the minimum level of well-being and security
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failed state
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Ethnopolitical conflict
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Cleavage along racial, tribal, linguistic, or religious lines
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Terrorism
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The systematic use of violence for political ends, an ongoing series of acts intended to produce fear that will change attitudes and behaviors toward governments and their policies
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State terrorism
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States use their own militias and armies to commit terrorist acts
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State-sponsored terrorism
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international terrorist active conducted by states or the support of terrorist groups through the provision of arms, training, safe haven, or financial backing
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Zone of peace
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Industrialized countries do not really fight wars
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Democratic peace
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The idea that democracies don't fight each other
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Cultural explanation of D.P.
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Individual rights, expectations of limited government, shifting coalitions, and toleration of dissent by a presumably loyal opposition
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Structural explanation of D.P.
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Institutional constraints, like regular elections, divisions of powers within government, and checks and balances, make it difficult for leaders to go to war
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Kant's conditions for perpetual peace
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1. Republican states
2. Federation of free states 3. Universal hospitality |
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World federalism
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The idea that permanent peace could be achieved by establishing a world government
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Functionalism
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The idea that IOs should aim to solve problems arising in specific functional areas
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Supernational authority
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An institution with powers to overrule the members' national governments on certain issues
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Neoliberal Critique of Liberalism
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1. Global system is anarchic
2. States seek to cooperate 3. Fear is not the natural state |
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Prisoner's dilemma
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In a one shot game, cheating is the dominant strategy
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Grotius's conditions for use of force
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Defense, recovery of property, punishment
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Hague Conferences
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How to properly conduct wars
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Law of War
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Jus ad bello
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Law in War
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Jus in bellum
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League of Nations
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Did not prohibit use of force
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Outlawed war
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Montevideo Treaty
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Prohibited the use of force
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Declared War
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One or more states advises another that a formal state of war exists between them
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Undeclared War
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Two or more states participate in hostilities that have not been declared war
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Reprisal
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A violent, illegal action undertaken by a state in order to counter another state's illegal action
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Retorsion
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Lawful retaliation of any kind
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Conditions for reprisal
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1. Prior deliberate violation of international law
2. All other means have been exhausted 3. Must be proportionate |
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Countermeasure
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Non-coercive form of sanction usually taken in response to another state's breach of law
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Gunboat Diplomacy
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Threatening conduct by one state to intimidate or deter another state
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Blockade
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Declaration of war
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Low-intensity conflict
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A small scale war between states below conventional war and above peaceful competition
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Economic sanctions
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The use of continuing, coercive economic measures to punish a state's breach of international law
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When can states not use force?
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When they threaten the territorial integrity or political independence of another state
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When is defensive use of force triggered?
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States can use force to defend themselves against an armed attack
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Armed attack
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Direct transgression through military or paramilitary forces
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Restrictionist View
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Article 2 (4) is law!
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Flexible View
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Use of force is okay as long as it doesn't go against the UN's purposes
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What is the threshold of anticipatory self-defense
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An imminent attack
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Chapter VII (Articles 39-51) are...
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Customary Law
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Preemptive self-defense
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Used to counter a developing threat
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Reactive self-defense
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In response to an actual attack
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Exceptions to self-defense rule
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Protection of nationals abroad
Humanitarian intervention |
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Rules about self-defense
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Proportionate and legal
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When is protection of nationals abroad legal?
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With the consent of the receiving state
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What is the preferred method of intervention?
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Collective
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Definition of Terrorism
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The extent to which individuals, groups, or state agents are involved in the use or threat of violence against non-combatants for political and social purposes to influence the behavior of a target population wider than the immediate victims
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Vigilante terrorism
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State turns a blind eye
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Insurgent terrorism
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Non-state actor vs. the state
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Psychological approach to terrorism
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People with particular personality traits and tendencies are drawn disproportionately to terrorist careers
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Rational Choice Theory
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Those that employ terrorism are out of the mainstream
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Structural theory
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Poverty and illiteracy cause terrorism
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What does not cause terrorism
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Poverty and inequality
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What does cause terrorism
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Political repression
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Sovereignty
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The exclusive right of a state to govern the affairs of its citizens to be free from external control
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Jurisdiction
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The legal capacity of a state to make, enforce, and adjudicate the law
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Extraterritorial jurisdiction
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The state's legal capacity to prohibit or regulate control beyond its national borders
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Territorial principle
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jurisdiction is based on the location of defendant's act
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Pure territorial principle
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Action started and finished within a state
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