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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Politcs |
Activity related to influencing,making, or implementing collective decisions for a political community |
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Power |
The ability to achieve an objective by influencing the behavior of others, particularly to do what they otherwise would not |
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Coercion |
involves using fear or threats of harmful consequences to achieve an outcome |
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Inducements |
involves achieving an outcome by offering a reward or bribe |
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Authority |
Is the right to exercise power that is accepted by those being governed as legitimate |
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Charismatic Authority |
Based on the personal qualities of the leader, which might include exhibiting extraordinary or supernatural qualities through such means as performing miracles, issuing prophecies, or leading a military victory |
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Traditional Authority |
Based on customs that establish the right of certain persons to rule |
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Legal-rational authority |
Based on legal rules and procedures rather than on the personal qualities or characteristics of the rulers |
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State |
is an independent, self-governing political community whose governing institutions have the capability to make rules that are binding on the population residing within a particular territory |
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2 Dimensions of sovereignty of states |
- states claim to be the highest authority for their population and their territory -states are not subject to any external authority, but rather are able to act independently of the world |
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Failed states |
A state that is unable to enforce laws, maintain order, protect the citizens, and provide basic services |
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Nation-state |
A sovereign state based on people living in a country who share a sense of common identity as members of a particular nation |
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Nation |
A group of people who share a sense of common identity and who typically believe they should be self-governing within their homeland |
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State vs. Government |
State is different from government because government is just an institution of the state |
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2 types of nationalism |
Civic Ethnic |
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Ethnic Nationalism |
similar to tribe, similar ancestry, feeling of relation |
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Nationality |
Group of people you feel you belong too |
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Citizenship |
"membership" to a state |
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Stateless nation |
People who belong to a group who want their own government |
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Civic nationalism |
anyone who shares a certain characteristic |
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Political ideology |
A package of interrelated ideas and beliefs about government, society, the economy, and human nature that inspire and affect political action |
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Liberalism |
Emphasizes the desirability of a high level of individual freedom -little government interference -Rights of individuals are firmly protected so they cannot be taken away by government |
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Classical Liberalism |
Emphasizes the importance of limited government and free market economy -government should have little involvement |
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Reform Liberalism |
Right to opportunity -Combines support for individual freedom with a belief that government action may be needed to help remove obstacles to individual development -Government should play a role in assisting the disadvantaged through such measures as unemployment insurance,old age pensions, etc |
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Neo-Liberalism |
Based on strong belief in the values of competition, entrepreneurship, and individual responsibility -strong belief in the free market place, and opposition to government intervention in the economy |
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Conservatism |
emphasizes the values of order and stability in the community |
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Welfare state |
A state in which government ensures that all people have a decent standard of living and are provided protection from hardships resulting from circumstances such as unemployment, sickness, etc |
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New Right |
A perspective that combines, in various ways, the promotion of free-market capitalism and limited government and traditional cultural and material values |
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Facism |
An ideology that combines an aggressive form of nationalism with a strong belief in the naturalness of inequality and opposition to both liberal democracy and communism |
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Socialism |
An ideological perspective based on the view that human beings are basically social in nature and that the capitalist system undermines the co-operative and community oriented nature of humanity. Socialism advocates the establishment of an egalitarian society. |
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Historical materialism |
The view that historical development and the dynamics of society and politics can be understood in terms of the way society is organized to produce material goods |
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Communism |
A system in which private property has been replaced by collective or communal ownership and everyone is free to take from society what they need |
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Leninism |
The version of Marxism that includes the belief that the capitalist system can be overthrown only by force, by means of a tightly disciplined party controlled by a revolutionary vanguard |
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Political culture |
The fundamental political values, beliefs, and orientations that are widely held within a political community |
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Political efficacy |
The attitude that individuals can have an impact on political decisions and that government is responsive to what people want |
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Why do institutions work well in some places and not others? |
Has to do with the people accepting it, i.e Liberalism with focus on the individual does not work in tribe based area like Africa |
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3 Typology's by Almond and Verba |
Parochial -Subject -Participant |
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Parochial typology |
parish/small horizon -these people don't look beyond their own community, limited view to their "parish" |
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Subject Typology |
little bit of knowledge but not much expectations about government, accepts what happens, might vote but not actively involved or concerned |
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Participant Typology |
Actively involved, feel their participation can bring change, believe in governments ability to change for the better |
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Political Socialization |
The process by which political values, attitudes and beliefs are transmitted to citizens |
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Instruments of socialization |
Education Family Government |
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Life cycle effect |
The effect of ones age on ones attitudes and behavior, as people grow older their attitudes and behaviors may change due to changing and circumstances related to age |
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Who Participates? |
-older more than younger -highly educated more than less educated -high income more than low income -women = men |
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Post-materialist theory |
Modern societies are undergoing a fundamental change in value priorities because generations that grew up in relative security and affluence of the western world since WWII are more likely to give priority to post-materialist values than to materialist values |
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Type of party system depends on |
# of societal cleavages, ideology, and type of electoral system |
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Political party |
An organization that has a central role in the competition for political power in legislative bodies and in governing |
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Cadre party |
A loosely organized party usually established by members of a legislative body with the support of local noteables. Limited link between people and government. |
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Mass party |
A party that draws its support from a regular dues-paying membership and features a strong party organization outside of the legislature |
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Electoral-Professional party |
A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters |
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Brokerage parties |
A party that attempts to find compromises to accommodate a variety of interests so as to build broad support across the country in a non-ideological manner |
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Programmatic parties |
A party that has distinct ideological perspective or a coherent set of policy goals that are consistently followed over time |
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Personalistic party |
A party established to promote the election of a particular individual as prime minister |
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2-Party System |
A party system in which 2 major parties contend to control the government. Two party systems are competitive in the sense that a single party does not govern for a lengthy period of time. |
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Examples of 2 party system |
US,Australia, UK, most canadian provinces |
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Multiparty System |
A system featuring several parties that are significant actors in the competition for political power |
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Examples of multiparty system |
Italy, France |
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One party dominant system |
A system in which a single party rules for long periods of time ad the opposition parties are not likely to gain the support needed to successfully challenge the dominant party for control of the government |
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Example of one party dominant system |
Italy, Japan until 1990's, Communist countries, Alberta |
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Number of parties affected by.. |
Electoral system, ideology |
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Methods for party leader selection |
Selection by parliamentary party -Selection at party conventions -Direct membership vote |
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Max donation per person/per year |
1200$ |
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How much do parties receive per vote |
1.74$ |
