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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world
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globalization
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the legitimate use of force to control human behavior; also, the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force.
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government
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a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs
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national sovereignty
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the rule of law to preserve life and property. maintaining order is the oldest purpose of government
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order
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the belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits. Note that this differs from the definition of liberal later in the chapter.
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liberalism
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a political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government.
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communism
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benefits and services, such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals.
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public goods
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an absence of constraints on behavior, as in freedom of speech or freedom of religion
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freedom of
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immunity, as in freedom from want
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freedom from
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the authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens health, morals, safety, and welfare
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police power
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equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally
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political equality
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equality in wealth, education, and status
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social equality
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the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life
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equality of opportunity
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the concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved
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equality of the outcome
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the benefits of government to which every citizen is entitled
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rights
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a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government
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political ideology
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a political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the government to enable it to control all sectors of society
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totalitarianism
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a form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some private ownership of productive capacity
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socialism
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a political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as necessary to protect life and property
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libertarianism
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those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or equality
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libertarians
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an economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention in business
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laissez faire
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those who are willing to use government to promote freedom but not order
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liberals
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a political philosophy that opposes government in any form
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anarchism
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those who are willing to use government to promote order but not equality
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conservatives
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those who are willing to use government to promote both order and equality
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communitarians
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a system of government in which the power to govern is concentrated in the hands of one individual
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autocracy
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a system of government in which the power is concentrated in the hands of a few people
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oligarchy
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a system of government in which, in theory, the people rule, either directly or indirectly
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democracy
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a view of democracy as being embodied in a decision making process that involves universal participation, political equality, majority rule, and responsiveness
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procedural democratic theory
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the concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making
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universal participation
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