Political Science Exam I

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Politics

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1.Conflict over the leadership, structure, and policies of governments. L.S.P

2. "Who gets what, when, & how"

3. Power of government and how power is distributed

4. Organize by Liberty, Equality, & Democracy.

5. Conflict of character, membership & Polocies of any organization which people belong.

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Power

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1. Possess control, able to influence and persuade others by having strength, force, and might

2. Legarl ability, capacity, and authority.

3. Action of Accomplishment

4. Having a share.

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Authoritarian

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1. Government recognizes no former limit but nevertheless be restrained by the power of other social institutions.

2. Responsive to small # of social groups and institutions

3. Power used to preserve human rights

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Aristotles Classification of 6 forms of Government

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1. Monarchy = 1 for all
2. Rule by the few = Good for all
3. Polity - Rule by the people = Majority vote
4. Democracy - Rule by majority for benefit of majority
5. Oligarchy - Rule by the few for the benefit of themselves
6. Plutocracy - Ruled by the rich for the benefit of the rich

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Democracy Concept

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

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1. Initiative: Ability as citizens to take control and make laws, supplant state governmend and petition.

2. Referendum: State legislature puts it on a ballot regarding issues and entonce then puts it
on the people to decide like a hot patatoe

3. Recall = Fired

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Demagoguery

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appeals to fears, greed, lust, etc. ex. Hitler

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Anarchy

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1 against all

Free enjoyment of oneself

Pure freedom, no government intervention.

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Thomas Hobbes

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Believed in Leviathan: Government less state in nature.

Limits on government power

"Contract Theory" - Political system where it gave up freedom for ordenary society.

Anarchy -- Pleasure high, and avoid pain = #1 Priority

In the state of Anarchy everyone is out for themselves, one against all.

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Statism

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Absolute

Government can do whatever necessary to control order and discipline and maintain mental behavior

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John Lock - Liberal

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Jefferson holds ideas of John Locke

Government > People
People > Government

Social Contract - secure human rights

Monarchial Power should be limited

2nd treatise of civil government: Right to overthrow government for unjustice or tyranical

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Social Contract Theory

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individuals unite into a society by a process of mutual consent, agreeing to abide by certain rules and to accept duties to protect one another from violence, fraud, or negligence.

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Thomas Jefferson

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Decleration of Independence

Holds ideas of John Locks

Government > People
People > Government

Argument against Socrates was reflection of distinction to certain qualities of people that are unchangeable/Immutable

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Alexander Hamilton:Secratery of Treasury

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Created Federalist Party

Hamilton held a pro-Federal interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. He consistently took the side of greater Federal power at the expense of states. Hamilton justified the creation of this bank, and other increased Federal powers, on Congress's constitutional powers to issue currency, to regulate interstate commerce, and anything else that would be "necessary and proper." Thomas Jefferson opposed this view. This controversy was eventually settled by the Supreme Court of the United States in McCulloch v. Maryland, which in essence adopted Hamilton's view, granting the federal government broad freedom to select the best means to execute its constitutionally enumerated powers, specifically the doctrine of implied powers.

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Federalists Political Philosophy

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Believed that elites were best fit to govern; feard "excessive democracy"

Believed and favored strong national government: believed in "filtration" so that only elites wout obtain governmental power

Feared excessive democracy

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and George Washington were the leaders

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The Decleration Of Independence

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Thomas Jefferson

"unalienable rights - "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."

Break away from England

Focused on problems, grievences, aspirations,, and principles that may unify various colonial groups.

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Political Ideas of The Decleration of Independence

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The document can be broken down into four parts.Introduction -States the purpose of the document; which was to explain why the American people were declaring independence from Great Britain.

Theory - The theory of certain immutable rights possessed by all individuals; and that these rights are not granted by the government but rather they're inherent to human nature. That the main purpose of a benevolent government is to secure and protect these rights. Additionally that government is based on the consent of the governed (the people) who are the sole source of this governmental authority. Finally, that should the government persistently violate the principle of a proper and good government, then the people have the right to overthrow it.

Grievances - The third part of the document is a list of grievances against King George III, who was singled out to represent the actions of the British government. These grievances are examples of actions that violated the criteria for good government stated in the second part of the Declaration of Independence. These grievances, therefore, justify separation from the King's bad government and establishment of a good government to replace it. Sovereignty - The fourth part of the document is an unqualified assertion of sovereignty by the United States of America. It proclaims the determination of Americans to defend and maintain their independence and rights.

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_were_the_main_ideas_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence#ixzz1Haj6PYYJ