Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Political culture
|
long-lasting & deep-seeded beliefs of a particular people
|
|
|
liberty
|
people can think & act as they choose
|
|
|
self-government
|
people are ultimate source of power & beneficiary power
|
|
|
individualism
|
being responsible for yourself
|
|
|
unity
|
standing together on issues
|
|
|
diversity
|
allowing & accepting differences
|
|
|
equality
|
the quality of being equal in different aspects
|
|
|
social contract
|
people give up rights in exchange for protection, gives relationship between people & gov't.
|
|
|
rules for American politics
|
Democracy
Constitutionalism-limits powers of gov't. Capitalism-individuals make decisions Bureaucratic rule |
|
|
Politics
|
process through which society makes its governing decision; social choice; how do we manage conflict about social choices
|
|
|
power
|
authority & ability to have influence and say in things
|
|
|
majoritarianism
|
the majority decides policy
|
|
|
pluralism
|
different groups organized to fight each other to implement public policy
|
|
|
elitism
|
a select, privileged few hold power & make decisions and policies
|
|
|
bureaucratic rule
|
the tendency of large-scale organizations to develop into the bureaucratic form, with the effect that administrators make key policy decisions
|
|
|
American political system
|
see page 1-4 (p.31)
|
|
|
Rights of Englishmen; Influence of British traditions on our philosophy about gov't.
|
habeus & limited free expression
|
|
|
Declaration of Independence & the influence of John Locke
|
John Locke heavily involved in Dec. of Independence
|
|
|
Articles of Confederation
|
not a strong central gov't.; 1 state-1 vote
weak oversight-lots of state freedom no power to tax without state consent no federal regulation of commerce |
|
|
Shay's Rebellion
|
rebelling because of lack of money & federal gov't. can't do anything; points out our weaknesses
|
|
|
Great Compromise vs. Virginia and New Jersey Plans
|
New Jersey- 1 state/1 vote; more votes based favored by smaller states
Virginia- more votes based on larger populations Great Compromise- combo. of both plans |
|
|
North-South Compromise
|
3/5 Compromise
No export tax 1808-Congress could not halt importation of slaves Counting slaves when population got more votes |
|
|
Federalists and Federalist Papers
|
federalists-supported the Constitution; argued that the Constitution would correct any problems with the Articles of Confederation.
Federalist papers-group of papers that push for the new Constitution |
|
|
Federalist 10
|
by James Madison
newspaper article-Nov. 10,1787 discussed factions and representative democracy; see notes |
|
|
Anti-federalists
|
didn't support Constitution because they felt that the central gov't. would get too powerful; no Bill of Rights existed
|
|
|
The Constitution
|
stronger central gov't.
doesn't threaten individual states popular consent don't threaten liberty specific grants of power Separation of powers Judicial Review Bill of Rights |
|
|
Grants of power
|
separation of powers between the 3 branches of gov't.
|
|
|
Denials of power
|
Judicial review and separation of powers
|
|
|
Separation of powers
|
executive, legislative, and judiciary
|
|
|
Checks and balances
|
veto, override, impeachment, appointment
|
|
|
Shared executive, legislative, and judicial power
|
can check and balance to avoid tyranny of the majority
|
|
|
Bill of Rights
|
-included to protect rights not specifically stated
-protects states and individuals |
|
|
Tyranny of the majority
|
-used representative democracy
-electoral college -federalism -Bill of Rights -can be fundamental weakness of democracy |
|
|
Ballot initiatives
|
decided by the people
gets opinion of the people to pass laws directly |
|
|
Referendums
|
lets legislature pass decision-making straight to the voters
|
|
|
Recall
|
elections that are recounted or reconsidered
|
|
|
Primaries
|
the voters get to pick who they want to represent their parties; gets voters more say and power
|
|
|
19th Amendment
|
passed in 1920; gave women the right to vote
|
|
|
Federalism
|
authority is divided between the nation as a whole and the states
|
|
|
Confederacy
|
states alone are sovereign
|
|
|
Unitary system
|
national gov't. has all the power
|
|
|
enumerated powers
|
powers of Congress listed explicitly in the constitution
|
|
|
Implied powers
|
powers not specifically listed in the Constitution; support authorized action
|
|
|
Elastic clause
|
necessary and proper clause
|
|
|
Supremacy clause
|
national gov't. law is supreme over state's law; when in conflict & federal gov't. law is within limits of Constitution.
|
|
|
Reserved powers
|
powers given to the state; states get powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states
|
|
|
McCulloch vs. Maryland
|
-banking & power over them
-court found that this fell under the elastic clause -supremacy clause |
|
|
Gibbons vs. Ogden
|
invoked elastic clause & commerce clause
(ferryboat case) |
|
|
Dred Scott vs. Sanford
|
struck down Missouri Compromise; slaves & buying his freedom
|
|
|
Civil War Amendments
|
13th- freeing the slaves; abolishing slavery
14th- due process and equal protection under the law for everyone 15th- gave African American males the right to vote |
|
|
Dual federalism
|
dual sovereignty
no same power; mutually exclusive one has power; the other doesn't have the same one |
|
|
Laissez-faire capitalism
|
people have free-reign of business
|
|
|
Plessy vs. Ferguson
|
attempt to integrate schools in the South
|
|
|
FDR & the New Deal
|
signified the end of laissez-fair; during the Depression
|
|
|
Devolution
|
plays the gov't. till states take power
|
|
|
Cooperative federalism
|
the situation in which the national, state, and local levels work together to solve problems
|
|
|
Salience
|
the process of assessing the relative importance of the stakeholders and hence their requirements
|
|
|
Public opinion polls
|
a device for measuring public opinion whereby a relatively small number of individuals is interviewed for the purpose of estimating the opinions of a whole community
|
|
|
sample
|
the relatively small number of individuals interviewed for the purpose of estimating the opinions of an entire population
|
|
|
Sampling frame
|
a set of items or events possible to measure
|
|
|
population
|
the people whose opinions are being estimated through interviews with a sample of these people
|
|
|
sampling error
|
a measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll; usually in the form of a percentage
|
|
|
Political socialization
|
process by which we learn and develop our personal opinions
|
|
|
Ideology
|
consistant pattern of attitudes; gov't. involvement in promoting values; gov't. involvement in economy
|
|
|
Liberal
|
gov't. involvement in economy; not values
|
|
|
Conservative
|
gov't. involvment in values; not economy
|
|
|
populist
|
gov't. involvment in everything
|
|
|
libertarian
|
no gov't. involvement in anything
|
|
|
Marbury vs. Madison
|
established judicial review
|
|
|
bully pulpit
|
president bypasses Congress and goes to the public for support
|
|
|
Gitlow vs. New York
|
free expression applies to the state action when the 14th Amendment is concerned
|
|
|
Honeymoon period
|
the president's 1st months in office, a time when Congress, the press, and the public are more inclined than usual to support presidential initiatives
|
|
|
socialism
|
an economic system in which gov't. owns and controls many of the major industries
|
|
|
Barron vs. Baltimore
|
imminent domain
|
|
|
Signing statements
|
statements that a president adds to a bill that says that he doesn't necessarily intend to follow all of the rules involved in the bill
|
