Political Science: Chapter 2

Front 1

JAMESTOWN (1607)

Back 1

Jamestown created the following ideas:

~ Representative Assembly: A legislature composed of individuals who REPRESENT the population

Front 2

MAYFLOWER COMPACT (1620)

Back 2

The Mayflower Compact created the following ideas:

~Consent of the governed (AKA "Social K"): Similar to a social contract. Everyone agrees to a system of government to maintain peace and order.

~Self Government: People govern themselves

Front 3

THIRTEEN COLONIES (1630-1732)

Back 3

The Thirteen Colonies created the following ideas:

~ Limited government

Front 4

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF STUDYING THESE HISTORICAL EVENTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE?

Back 4

They set a precedent for the future government! Or, better explained as how our government came to be.

Front 5

KING GEORGE III / BRITISH PARLIAMENT

Back 5

They began imposing taxes on the colonists (AKA Taxation without representation)

EXAMPLES:

~Sugar Act (1764)

~Stamp Act (1765)

The colonists reacted to these massive amounts of taxes with the Boston Tea Party. As a "punishment" for their actions, Britain established the Coercive Acts (1774).

Front 6

FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

(Meeting together to oppose Britain's control)

Back 6

~12/13 colonies represented

~Petition to King George (grievances)

~Colonies raise troops to boycott British trade which was taken as an open rebellion by Britain.

Front 7

SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

Back 7

~All colonies represented

~They established an army to fight the British

~Commander-In-Chief = George Washington

~Still wanted a peaceful resolution

~Thomas Paine...."Common Sense"

- It is our right to have a gov't

- BREAK FREE from British control

Front 8

THE RESOLUTION OF INDEPENDENCE (DOCUMENTS)

Back 8

Documents describing that the colonists were going to break away from Britain control and why. (Just know that this document exists)

Front 9

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

Back 9

Key Concepts:

~ Universal Truths

~ Natural Rights

~ Social Contract

~ Justification

Front 10

Why were these documents and events necessary?

Back 10

~ It gave us the opportunity to form our own government

~ Trial and error test for the future of our government

~ It also gave the British proof that we deserved to break away from their control.

Front 11

CORNWALLIS' SURRENDER (1781)

Back 11

The surrender of the British General Cornwallis, ending the Revolutionary War.

Front 12

TREATY OF PARIS (1783)

Back 12

Formal document of America's independence from Britain.

Front 13

British gov't vs. ours

Back 13

We did not want a strong central government so we formed a democracy instead, allowing the voices of our citizens to be heard.

~ State Constitutions being formed (1776-1780)

Front 14

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

Back 14

~ The first government in place after the Revolutionary War

Definition: A political system in which states or regional governments retain ultimate authority except for those powers specifically delegated to the central government.

- Began Drafting ~ 1776

- Finally Ratified ~ 1781

Front 15

CONGRESS OF CONFEDERATION

Back 15

How the gov't was set up:

~ Unicameral: A legislature with only one legislative chamber as opposed to law

~ Each State = 1 Vote

~ Approval of 9+ states in order for a law or amendment to pass

~ President of the Congress

Front 16

WEAKNESSES AND NEED FOR REVISION

(Influenced by Shay's Rebellion (1786)

Back 16

~ Hard to raise revenue to operate the government because the states made their own decisions and it was optional.

~ The number of states required for action/amendments to take place

~ Enforcement Power

~ Court System?

~ Foreign Relations ex: struggle when forming a military because of no funds.

Front 17

DELEGATES AND WORKING ENVIRONMENT

Back 17

There were 55 upper class delegates from all over the country that met together to debate over the Articles and the strength of the national government.

Front 18

VIRGINIA PLAN (Edmund Randolph)

Back 18

*This plan had the wishes of larger states in mind*

~ Bicameral Legislature that is proportional to state population.

~ National Executive (per legislature)

~ National Judiciary (per legislature)

Front 19

NEW JERSEY PLAN (William Patterson)

Back 19

*This plan had the wishes of smaller states in mind*

~ One state = One vote

~ Congress - regulate trade/ impose taxes

~ Acts of Congress - supreme law of the land

~ Executive Office (per legislature)

~ Supreme court (per executive office)

Front 20

THE GREAT COMPROMISE (Roger Sherman)

Back 20

~ Bicameral Legislature

~ House of Representatives

~ Number of free inhabitants per state

~ 3/5 of the slaves per state

~ Senate

~ Two members per states

Front 21

MADISONIAN MODEL

Back 21

Key Ideas:

- Separation of powers

- Checks and balances

Front 22

THE EXECUTIVE

Back 22

Consists of:

- Single chief executive

- Electoral College

Front 23

FEDERAL SYSTEM

Back 23

Idea of having shared power between national and state governments.

Front 24

FINAL DOCUMENT?

Back 24

Ideas:

~ Popular sovereignty

~ Republican Gov't -> Representatives

~ Limited Gov't (constitution)

~ Separation of powers

~ Federal System (Includes state rights)

Front 25

FEDERALISTS

Back 25

~ Strong central (national) government

~ new constitution

~ Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

Front 26

ANTI-FEDERALISTS

Back 26

* Were in favor of keeping Articles of Confederation just making simple changes

~ Status Quo (Normal)

~ Concerns: Central (National) government having too much power

~ Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams

Front 27

THE FEDERALIST PAPERS (Why we need the constitution)

Back 27

~ Hamilton, Jay, and Madison

~ Federalist #10 and #15

v

factions & minority rights

Front 28

Anti-Federalist response to the papers

Back 28

~ Aristocratic Tyranny

~ Overbearing Federal Government :(

~ They wanted guaranteed liberties (this came in the form of the Bill of Rights)

Front 29

JAMES MADISON

Back 29

~ 10 Amendments (Bill of Rights)

~ "Bill of Limits" -> Limits the Federal Gov't

~ No explicit limits on state powers

~ Did not apply to state gov'ts