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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
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politics |
Activity related to influencing , making or implementing collective decisions for a political community |
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power |
The ability to achieve an objective by influencing the behavior of others particularly to get them to do what they would not have other wise done |
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Political agenda |
The issues that are considered important and given priority in political deliberations |
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Faces of power |
1. Ability to affect decisions 2. Ability to ensure that issues are not raised 3.Ability to affect the dominant ideas of society |
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Free Rider Problem |
A problem with voluntary collective action that results because an individual can enjoy the benefits of group action with out contributions |
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Authority |
The right to exercise power that is accepted by those being governance as legitimate |
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Legitimacy |
Acceptance by the members of a political community that these in positions of authority have the right to govern |
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Charismatic Authority |
Authority based on the perception that a leader has extraordinary or supernatural qualities |
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Traditional Authority |
Authority based on customs that establish the right of certain persons to rule |
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Legal-rational Authority |
The right to rule based on legal rules and procedures rather than on the personal qualities or characteristics of the rules |
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Common Good |
What is good for the entire political community |
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Individualist Perspective |
A perspective that views human beings as acting primarily in accordance with their own interest |
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Pluralist system |
A political system in which a large number of groups responding a wide variety of interest are able to influence the decisions of government. Government tries to satisfy as many groups as possible and no group has a dominant influence on government |
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Political Science |
The system study of politics |
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Empirical Analysis |
Analysis that involves explaining various aspects of politics, particularly by using careful observation and compassion to develop generalizations and testable theories |
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Normative Analysis |
Analysis that includes examining ideas about how the community should be governed and what values should be pursued through politics |
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Policy Analysis |
Analysis that involves evaluating existing policies and assessing possible alternatives to deal with particular problems |
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State |
An independent self governing political community whose governing institutions have the capability to make rules that are binding on the population residing within a particular territory. |
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Government |
The set of institutions that makes decisions and oversees their implementation on behalf of the state for a particular period of time |
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Sovereignty |
The principle that states are the highest authority for their population and territory and are not subject to any external authority |
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Governance |
The making and implementing of decisions often with the involvement of state and non-state organizations |
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Failed state |
A state that is unable to enforce laws maintain order, protect the lives of citizens, and provide basic services |
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Nation-state |
A sovereign state based on people living in a country who share a sense of common identity as members of a particular nation |
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Nation |
A group of people who share a sense of common identity and who typically believe they should be self-governing within their homeland |
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Nationlism |
The idea that the nation-state is the best form of political community, that a nation should have its own self-governing state, and that the interests, culture, and values of the nation should be promoted. |
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Ethnic Nationalism |
Nationalism based on common ancestry along with the cultural traditions and language associated with a particular ethnic group |
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Civic Nationalism |
Nationalism based on the shared political values and political history of those who are citizens of a country |
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National self-determination |
The idea that nations should have the right to determine their political status, including choosing to have their own sovereign state |
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Bi-national or multinational states |
states whose populations are composed of two or more nations |
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Official Multiculturalism |
The policy of recognizing the cultural diversity of the country and providing encouragement and support for those of difficult cultures to help them retain and foster their cultures and traditions |
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Citizenship |
The idea that a country's permanent residents are full members of the political community with certain duties and rights |
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Globalization |
The process that are increasing the interconnectedness of the world. |
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Political Ideology |
a package of interrelated ideas and beliefs about government, society, the economy, and human nature that inspire and affect political action. Each ideology has a different perspective of how things should be run and there ideal world |
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enlightenment |
An intellectual movement that devloped in the mid eighteenth century, emphasizing the power of human reason to understand and improve the world. |
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left |
The general Ideological position associated with the advocacy of greater social and economic equality, laws based on universal human rights rather than traditional morality, and opposition to state support for religious institutions |
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Right |
The general ideological position associated with opposition to imposing greater social and economic equality and with maintaining traditional (usual religious based) moral values and institutions |
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rule of law |
The idea that people should be subject ti known, predictable, and impartial rules of conduct, rather than to the arbitrary orders of particular individuals. both the rulers and the ruled should be equally subject to the law |
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liberal Democracy |
A political system that combines the liberal ideas of limited government individual freedom, and the rule of law with a democratic system of governing based on the election of representatives |
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Classic liberalism |
A form of liberalism that emphasizes the desirability of limited government and the free market place |
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Laissez- faire economic system |
A system in which privately owned businesses, workers, and consumers freely interact in the market place without government interface |
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Reform liberalism |
A version of liberalism that combines support for the individuals freedoms with a belief that government action may be needed to help remove obstacles to individuals development |
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Neo-liberalism |
A perspective based on a strong belief in the free market place and opposition to government intervention in the economy |
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Conservatism |
A perspective or ideology that emphasizes the values of order, stability, respect for authority and tradition based on a view that humans are inherently imperfect, with a limited capacity to reason |
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Reactionary |
A conservative who favors a return to the values and institutions of the past |
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Welfare state |
A state in which government ensures that all people have a decent standard of living and are provided protection from hardships resulting from circumstances such as unemployment, sickness, disability, and old age |
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New right |
A perspective that combines, in various ways, the promotion of fire market capitalism and limited government and traditional cultural and moral values |
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Socialism |
An ideology perspective based on the view that human beings are basically social in nature and that the capitalism system undermines the co-operative and community orientated nature of humanity. socialism advocates the establishment of an egalitarian society |
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Historical materialism |
the view that historical development and the dynamics of society and politics can be understood in terms of the way society is organized to produce material goods |
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Communism |
A system in which private property has been replaced by collective or communal ownership and everyone is free to take from society what they need |
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lenisnism |
the version of marxism that includes the belief that the capitalist system can be overthrown only by force, by means of tightly disciplined party controlled by a revolutionary vanguard |
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democratic socialism |
the perspective that socialism should be achieved by democratic rather than revolutionary means and that a socialist should be democratic in nature with political rights and freedoms respected |
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Anarchism |
An idealogy that views the states as the key source of oppression and seeks to replace the state with a system based on voluntary co-operation |
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Fascism |
An ideology that combines an aggressive form of nationalism with a strong belief in the naturalness of inequality and opposition to both liberal democracy and communism |
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Holocaust |
The systematic extermination of six million European jews by the Nazis during world war 2 |
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Nazism |
A version of fascism associated with Adolf Hitler the Nazi leader of Germany, emphasizing racial conflict and the superiority of the ayran race |
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Social darwinism |
The use of darwin's theory of evolution to argue that competition and conflict allow humanity to evolve through the survival of the fittest |
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Corporate state |
A system associated with fascist Italy in which business and labour work harmoniously to achieve goals established by the state to advance the good of the nation |
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Neo fascism |
A revival of fascism in contemporary times |
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Feminism |
A perspective that views society as patriarchal and seeks to achieve full independence and equality for women |
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Patriarchy |
A system in which power is in the hands of men and many aspects of women's lives are controlled by men |
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Liberal Feminism |
A version of feminism that advocates equal opportunities for women in such areas as education and employment as well as equal legal and political rights |
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Socialist Feminism |
A version of feminism that views women as oppressed by both the male dominated character of society and the capitalist system. The liberation of woman is connected to the transformation of capitalism into a more co-operation and egalitarian socialist system |
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Radical feminsim |
A version of feminism that views society as based on the oppression of women through the fundamental transformation of social institutions values and personal relationships |
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Liberation |
Freeing the human potential that has been stifled by organization and values of society |
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Environmentalism |
A perspective based on the idea that humanity needs to change its relationship to nature so as to protect the natural environment and ensure that it can sustain all forms of life |
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Anthropocentrism |
The focus on human well-being that is at the center of most political thought |
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Ecocentrism |
The view that nature has intriosic values and should not be valued only in terms of its use for human beings |
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Sustainability |
Maintaining the integrity of ecosystems by ensuring the renewable resources are not being used at a rate that exceeds the ability of ecosystems to regenerate them and developing renewable substitutes to replace the consumption of non-renewable resources and ensuring that emission of pollutants does not exceed the ability of the ecosystem to handle them without damage |
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Sustainable development |
Meeting the needs of the present with out compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs it involves development to ensure that the needs of the poor are fulfilled and protecting the environment for the well being of future generations |
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Reform environmentalism |
A perspective that views the solution to environmental problems primarily in terms of better science, technology and environmental management |
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free market Environmentalism |
The perspective that hold that guarantees of the rights of private property and a free market economy are crucial to environmental protection |
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Deep ecology |
an environmentalist perspective that views anthropocentrism as the fundamental cause of environmental degradation and advocate the cultivation of an environmental consciousness and a sense of aneneis with the world that recognizes with unity of humans, plants, animals and earth |
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Social ecology |
A perspective that views social economic and political relationships of hierarchy and domination as the cause of both human and environmental problems |
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Eco feminism |
A combination of environmentalism and feminism that views make dominance as the basic cause of the degradation of the earth |
