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47 Cards in this Set
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Government |
The collection of public institutions in a nation that establish and enforce the rules by which the members of that nation must live. |
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Anarchy |
A state of lawlessness and discord in the political system caused by lack of government. |
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Politics |
The way in which the institution of government are organized to government are organized to make laws, rules, and policies, and how those institutions are influenced. |
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social contract |
an agreement made one another to form a government and abide by its rules and laws and in return, the government promises to protect those rights and welfare and promote their best interest |
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democracy |
form of government which people either directly or through elected representatives. All power and authority. The word democracy is derived from the Greek demos kratos meaning rule by the people |
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Oligrachy |
a form of government in which a small inclusive class which may or may not attend on behalf of the people as a whole holds supreme power |
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hobbes thomas philosopher |
the right of the individual; the natural equality of all men; the artificial character of the political order (which led to the later distinction between civil society and the state
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locke john philosopher |
significantly contributed to American political culture these ideas were used by the founders to justify Declaration of Independence U.S. Constitution and they continued to underline American political today |
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lasswell harold political scientist |
proposed brief but very useful definition of politics as you who what when and how |
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U.S. Constitution 1789 |
A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed. It was drafted by theConstitutional Convention and later supplemented by the Bill of Rights and other amendments.
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direct democracy |
a system of government in which all citizens participate in making policy rules in governing decisions |
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representative democracy |
a form of government, designed by the U.S. Constitution, whereby three open regular elections are held to allow voters choose those governed on their behalf. It is also referred to as indirect democracy |
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sovereignty |
green political power of the government to regulate its affairs without outside |
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political culture |
the values and beliefs about government purpose and its operations that are widely held among citizens in a society. It defines the essence of how a society deems politically and is transmitted from one generation to the next |
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Thomas Paine founding father |
One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, he authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of theAmerican Revolution, and he inspired the rebels in 1776 to declare independence from Britain.
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natural rights |
you are born with certain rights, which derive from natural law. The most fundamental type of loan which supersedes any law that is made by government citizens are born with certain natural rights including liberty life and property that derive from this law and that government cannot take away |
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Declaration of Independence |
formal document listing colonists grievances and articulating the colonists intention to seek independence formally adopted by the second Constitutional Congress on July fourth 1776 |
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articles of Confederation |
the document creating a league of friendship governing the 13 states during and immediately after the war for independence.. The articles eventually proved unworkable nation |
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Shays rebellion |
armed uprising by that debt ridden, Massachusetts farmers frustrated with the state government |
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Virginia plan |
plan that empowered three separate branches of government, including a legislator a legislator which membership proportional to population |
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great compromise |
a proposal also known Connecticut compromise that provided a bicameral legislator featuring an upper house based on equal representation among states in the lower house's membership was based on each states nation approved by a five for vote state delegation |
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slavery |
a condition compared to that of a slave in respect of exhausting labor or restricted freedom.
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three fifths Compromise |
a compromise proposal in which I slaves would be counted as the government of three free people purpose of taxes and representation |
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check and balance |
a system of limits imposed by the Constitution gives each branch of government limited right to change or cancel acts of other branches |
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separation of power |
the principle that each branch of government enjoys separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility |
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Montesquieu Baron |
French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers
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Federalism |
doctrine underlying system of government in which power is divided between a central government constitutent political subunits |
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federal system |
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units
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unitary system |
a system of government in which the constituent states are strictly subordinated to of the central government as a whole |
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confederal system |
a system of government. Two or more independent states United to achieve certain specific common issue |
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enumerated power |
press powers the city granted by the Constitution, such as the taxing power pacifically granted to Congress |
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reserved powers |
those powers presently retained by state governments under the Constitution |
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inherent power |
are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of thepowers delegated to Congress and the president.
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anti federalist |
Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Patrick Henry.
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federalist
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supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government
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Constitutional ammendment |
the modification of the constitution of a nation or state. In many jurisdictions the text of the constitution itself is altered; in others the text is not changed, but the amendments change its effect.
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Fulll faith clause |
Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the "Full Faith and Credit Clause", addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."
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Types of federalism |
There are many different types of federalism including dual federalism, cooperative federalism, creative federalism, fiscal federalism, and new federalism among others.
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Civil Liberties |
Those specific individual rigths that are guaranteed by the constitution and cannot be denied to citizens by goverment. Most of these rights are in the first 10 amendments to the constitution known as the bill of rights |
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bill of rigths |
The first 10 amendments to the U.S constitution which protect various rigths of the people aginst the new federal goverment |
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14th amendment |
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. |
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Types of equality |
Political equality social equality economic equality |
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civil rights |
Those positive rights whether political, social or economic, conferred by the government on individuals or groups |
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Dred Scott |
Dred Scott decision definition. A controversial ruling made by the Supreme Court in 1857, shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War. Dred Scott, a slave, sought to be declared a free man on the basis that he had lived for a time in a “free” territory with his master.
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Jim crow laws |
a practice or policy of segregating or discriminating against blacks, public places, public vehicles, or employment.
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Voting rights act of 1965 |
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States
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Affirmative action |
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.
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