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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Bipartisan
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agreement of both dem & rep parties
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Divided Party Government
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one party controls president, other controls house(s) of congress
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Filibuster
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delaying tactic by senator(s) using unlimited debate rule to prevent vote on a bill
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Cloture
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vote to end debate/filibuster, requires 3/5 vote of all senate
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Standing Committee
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permanent committee of the house or senate that deals w/matters within a specified subject area
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Subcommittee
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specialized committees within a standing committeee, recommendations must be approved by full standing committee before submission to floor
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Who is the Speaker of the House?
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President officer of House of Representatives
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Speaker of the House Roles (4)
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decides..
-who speaks $ order -if topic is germaine(relevant) -which bills go to which committee -can schedule/delay votes on a bill |
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Speaker of the House is elected by...
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majority party, and focuses on majority party
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Open Seat
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seat with no incumbent running for reelection
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Safe Seat
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seat which incumbent regularly wins
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Hill styles & Home Styles
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how much time spent on home lifestyles w/constituents and hill lifestyles at Washington on lawmaking assignments
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turnover
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replacement of members of congress by retirement or resignation by reapportioning or electoral defeat
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casework
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services performed by legislators or their staff on behalf of individual constituents
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"retail politics"
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Pork Barrelling
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legislation designed to make govt benefits (jobs and projects for political patronage to particular district/state)
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Affirmative racial gerrymandering
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drawing district boundaries to maximize minority representation
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two acts that protect disadvantages of racial gerrymandering
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equal protection clause (14th amendment)
voting rights act (clear w/US justice dept for states w/history of discrimination, not allowed to weaken minority voting power) |
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gerrymandering
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drawing district boundary lines for political advantage
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splintering
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redistricting in which a strong minority is divided up and diluted to prevent it from electing a representative
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packing
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redistricting in which partisan voters are concentrated in a single district wasting majority vote-allow opposition to win by modest majorities
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baker v. carr (1962)
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different sized districts, how equal must districts be in order to guarantee voters equal protection?
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legislative apportionment
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allocation of leg seats to juristidictions based on population
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redistricting
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recounted every 10 year census
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delegate (constituent agent)
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legislators who feel obligated to present views of their home constituents viewpoint based on folks back home
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trustee (free agent)
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legislators who feel obligated to use their own best judgement in decision making
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senate term
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6 year terms
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house of representative term
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2 year terms
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senate and house elected by
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popular vote
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17th amendment
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senate elected by popular election, not state legislators
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bicameral legislation
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legislative body of 2 houses
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how many senators?
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50
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how many representatives in the house?
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435
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congressional session
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each congress elected in even numbered novembers on january 3 for 2 years
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discharge petition
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signed by 218 + house members ot force a vote on a bill w/in a committee that opposes it
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pendleton act of 1883
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created civil service commission to establish a system for selecting govt personnel based on merit
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spoils system
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merit system
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govt employment based on competence, neutrality, and protection from partisanship
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adjudication
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decision making by federal bureaucracy as to whether or not an individual or organization has compiled w/or violated govt laws/regulation
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implementation
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development by the federal bureaucracy of procedures and activites to carry out policies legislated by congress -- regulation and adjudication
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regulation
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development by federal government bureaucracy of formal rules for implementing legislation
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diplomatic recognition
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power of president to grant legitimacy or withhold it from a government of another nation, to declare or refuse to declare it rightful
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executive agreement
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agreement w/another nation signed by president but less formal and less binding than a treaty, because it doesn't require senate confirmation
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presidential qualifications
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natural born citizen
35 + years old resident of us for 14 years |
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office of management and budget (bureau of budget)
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assists president in preparing an annual budget of us govt for presentation to congress. congress must pass appropriations acts before president or any executive departments may spend money. frequently altered
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vice president roles (3)
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-preside over senate and vote incase of tie
-used for fundraising -used for launching stron political attacks on opponents so pres looks good |
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most insignificant office..-john adams
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vice president
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war powers act
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bill passed to limit presidential war-making powers, restricts when, why, and for how long a president can commit us forces and requires notification and approval of congress
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line item veto
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power of chief executive to reject some portions of a bill w/o rejecting all of it
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veto
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rejection of a legislation act by executive branch
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veto requires...
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2/3 majority vote of both houses
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pocket veto
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effective veto of a bill when congress adjourns w/in 10 days of passing it and the president fails to sign it
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override
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voting in congress to enact legislation vetoed by president
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override requires...
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2/3 majority vote of both houses
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25h amendment
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presidential succession: if presdient is unable to discharge powers and duties of office, VP becomes acting president.
to resume powers, president notifies congress in writing, "no ability exists" if VP and majority of cabinet officers don't agree, 21 days to decid |
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if VP and majority of cabinet officers don't agree that the President resume powers..
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21 days to decide, 2/3 vote of both house and senate to replace P w/VP
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Who is white house staff made up of
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presidents closest aides and advisors
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White house staff jobs (4)
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1- provide pres w/advice on affairs, policies, and electoral politics
2- monitor exec departments and agencies operations evaluate performance 3- setting presidents schedule 4- protect their boss from scandals, etc |
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who is the chief executive
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president
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executive order
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formal regulation governing executive branch operations issued by the president
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the president has capacity to do.. (3 things)
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mobilize public opinion
communicate directly w/US people employ symbols of office to advance policy initiatives in both foreign and domestic affairs |
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covert action
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secret intelligence activity outside US borders undertaken w/specific authorization by the president, acknowledgement of US sponsorship would defeat or compromise its purpose
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cabinet
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the heads (secretaries) of the ex departments together with othe rtop officials accorded cabinet rank by the president, only occasionally does it meet as a body to advice and support the president
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22nd amendment
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restricts president to 2 terms
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freedom of information act
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requires agencies to allow citizens and media to inspect public records with some exception for intelligence, current criminal investigations, and personal actions
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prviacy act
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requires agencies to keep confidential the personal records of individuals (ssn, income tax records)
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incremental budgeting
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method of budgeting that focuses on requested increases in funding for existing programs accepting as legitimate their previous years expenditures
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zero-based budgeting
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method of budgeting that demands justification for the entire budget request of an agency not just its requested increase in funding
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independent regulatory commissions
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function is to regulate a sector of society (transportation, banking..) empowered by congress to make/enforce rules headed by commissions (5-10 members)
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agency cultures
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develop beliefs and values about org programs and goals. believe work is important, resist efforts to reduce activities, size or budget. supports englargement
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govt corporation
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created by congress to undertake independent agencies and commerical enterprises. typically charge for services. 1st- tenessee valley authority
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independent agencies
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hierchically organized w/single head called an administrator. (appted by pres, senate confirms) no fixed terms, dismissed by president, interests/budgets not be compromised by other concerns
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the great compromise (3 aspects)
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hor by population, senate by equal rep
slaves=3/5 a person senators elected by state legislators until 17th amendment |
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capture theory of regulation
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theory describing how some regulated industries come to benefit from government regulation and how regulation commissions come to represent the industries they're supposed to regulate rather than representing the people
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when is president most popular
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-times of crisis, during reelection, beginning of term (can be very brief)
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when is president least popular
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during major scandals and economic resession, general trend is downward
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deferrals
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items on which a president wishes to postpone spending
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