Political Science 160

Front 1

Security Issue

Back 1

issues concerning all matters where military force could be used, so that war is a threat.

Front 2

Political Economy

Back 2

issues covering all economic topics created by the movement of goods, services, finance, and people across national borders.

Front 3

Transnational Issues

Back 3

issues that have arisen in the last fifty years that lie outside security and political economy issues.

Front 4

Threat

Back 4

A statement of an intention to inflict a punishment UNLESS a demand is met

Front 5

Promise

Back 5

Exchanges over time between actors

Front 6

Ultimatum

Back 6

A demand by one state to go to war if another state does not do as it wishes

Front 7

Effectiveness of a threat or promise

Back 7

Whether or not an actor is sufficiently convinced of the credibility of the threat that it does as it wants and acquiesces

Front 8

Credibility of a threat or promise

Back 8

How likely it is that the actor will carry out the threat or promise

Front 9

Actor

Back 9

Have the ability to determine their own actions. Includes declaring war, set rules for imported and exported foods and accept and follow international law

Front 10

Corporate Actor

Back 10

Actor that consists of more than one person

Front 11

The State

Back 11

Political organization that acts on an international stage

Front 12

Security Issue

Back 12

issues concerning all matters where military force could be used, so that war is a threat.

Front 13

Security Issue

Back 13

issues concerning all matters where military force could be used, so that war is a threat.

Front 14

Political Economy

Back 14

issues covering all economic topics created by the movement of goods, services, finance, and people across national borders.

Front 15

Transnational Issues

Back 15

issues that have arisen in the last fifty years that lie outside security and political economy issues.

Front 16

Threat

Back 16

A statement of an intention to inflict a punishment UNLESS a demand is met

Front 17

Promise

Back 17

Exchanges over time between actors

Front 18

Ultimatum

Back 18

A demand by one state to go to war if another state does not do as it wishes

Front 19

Effectiveness of a threat or promise

Back 19

Whether or not an actor is sufficiently convinced of the credibility of the threat that it does as it wants and acquiesces

Front 20

Credibility of a threat or promise

Back 20

How likely it is that the actor will carry out the threat or promise

Front 21

Actor

Back 21

Have the ability to determine their own actions. Includes declaring war, set rules for imported and exported foods and accept and follow international law

Front 22

Corporate Actor

Back 22

Actor that consists of more than one person

Front 23

The State

Back 23

Political organization that acts on an international stage

Front 24

Political Economy

Back 24

issues covering all economic topics created by the movement of goods, services, finance, and people across national borders.

Front 25

Transnational Issues

Back 25

issues that have arisen in the last fifty years that lie outside security and political economy issues.

Front 26

Threat

Back 26

A statement of an intention to inflict a punishment UNLESS a demand is met

Front 27

Promise

Back 27

Exchanges over time between actors

Front 28

Ultimatum

Back 28

A demand by one state to go to war if another state does not do as it wishes

Front 29

Effectiveness of a threat or promise

Back 29

Whether or not an actor is sufficiently convinced of the credibility of the threat that it does as it wants and acquiesces

Front 30

Credibility of a threat or promise

Back 30

How likely it is that the actor will carry out the threat or promise

Front 31

Actor

Back 31

Have the ability to determine their own actions. Includes declaring war, set rules for imported and exported foods and accept and follow international law

Front 32

Corporate Actor

Back 32

Actor that consists of more than one person

Front 33

The State

Back 33

Political organization that acts on an international stage

Front 34

3 characteristics of an actor

Back 34

Preferences, capabilities, and perceptions

Front 35

Positive vs. Normative theory

Back 35

Positive= Fact based how, why
Normative = speculative should.. etc.

Front 36

4 types of IR/WP

Back 36

Security, political economy, transnational, and political organization.

Front 37

Internal autonomy

Back 37

Being able to pursue what you want in your borders

Front 38

External autonomy

Back 38

Being able to pursue foreign policy

Front 39

Characteristics of a state

Back 39

permanent population, control of population inside borders, recognized by other states, definite border

Front 40

Why is a nation state good? (2 reasons)

Back 40

Bc it makes people more loyal, more likely to pay taxes, and volunteer for the military

Hint 40

Bc it makes more state capacity, the state doesn't have to worry about getting people to join its military

Front 41

Corporate actor

Back 41

Any actor who is comprised of multiple persons

Front 42

Changes in world politics

Back 42

Decolinization, more world economic dependence (more trade), growth of international relations (and IGOs), rise of nation states

Front 43

Outcomes

Back 43

the resolution of a situation, something that the state cares about

Front 44

Credibility

Back 44

the belief of the target that the threatener will go through with the threat

Front 45

Effectiveness

Back 45

Change of target behavior (if a threat is effective then it does not need to be carried out)

Front 46

Ways to increase credibility

Back 46

Persuasion Commitment devices

Front 47

Paradox of persuasion

Back 47

The majority of the time persuasion will not be enough to convince the other country of the credibility of the former countries threat. The reason for this is that if there were simply magic words that could convey that you were really really serious about something everyone would say them therefore they would become useless. This is the paradox of persuasion and why it is necessary to have multiple ways to increase cred.

Front 48

Ex. of Commit. Devices

Back 48

Anything that increases the consequences for the threatener of backing down, such as raising audience costs.

Front 49

Ways to increase effectiveness

Back 49

Force, Punishment, Rewards

Front 50

Def. of force

Back 50

Additional force can increase the effectiveness of a threat by saying that the country will use its military to come and force country b to change the policies that it wants changed

Front 51

Def. of Punishment

Back 51

Additional punishment is like threats on threats on threats. It's the addition of some other form of punishment to push the other country to view acquiescing as a better option.

Front 52

Def. of Reward

Back 52

This is something that after the country does what the threatener wants the threatener will give them some kind of reward.

Front 53

Reasons to doubt cred. of promises

Back 53

Change in capabilities, Time inconsistency(preferences about outcome have changed), Change in leader

Front 54

Ways to produce commitment

Back 54

Tying hands, ceding power, and reputation

Front 55

Ex. of tying hands

Back 55

putting troops on west Germany border

Front 56

Ex. Ceding power

Back 56

DMZ

Front 57

Reputation

Back 57

International and domestic, violate agreements not so many in the future/ Can't look incompetent

Front 58

Loss of strength gradient

Back 58

fighting far way is difficult (the further away the more difficult it is)

Front 59

Basis of potential military power

Back 59

People, The economy, and state capacity

Front 60

What factors into the economy

Back 60

the size and sophistication

Front 61

What helps to win wars?

Back 61

Familiarity with terrain (also the type of terrain, ex. tanks don't work in Vietnam), good military leadership, Domestic Support/Moral, Good strategy (overall battle plan), and occasionally luck

Front 62

What are actors uncertain about?

Back 62

Facts of the situation (exact strength of other countries military), Intentions of others (what is the other side really thinking) and Consequences of war

Front 63

Resolute Vs. Irresolute

Back 63

Resolute types will follow through on actions while irresolute types will not

Front 64

Pooling Vs. Separation

Back 64

Pooling actions are those that both types would take (an example being irresolute and resolute), Separating actions are those that separate the types, (for example in the irresolute vs resolute, they would be actions that would be too costly for the resolute type to take.)

Front 65

Cheap talk

Back 65

persuasion without costly signals

Front 66

proximate vs. ultimate causes of war

Back 66

Why people are fighting right now vs. reasons people tend to fight in general i.e. human nature or long standing rivalries

Front 67

What factors into the reservation point

Back 67

Expected military outcome, Costs of war, how valuable the issue is to the country

Front 68

Def. of reservation point

Back 68

point that is equivalent to going to war, agreement is equal to war

Front 69

Zone of agreement

Back 69

Area between the rez. points range of all agreements/settlements that both sides prefer to fighting

Front 70

Lock-in

Back 70

when the costs of backing down have become so high for a country that it is better to go to war then to back down

Front 71

Incentive to misrepresent

Back 71

To get more for nothing, this makes both sides less likely to believe the other