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34 Cards in this Set
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political party
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a political organization that typically seeks to attain and maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions.
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progressives
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a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform. Progressivism is often viewed in opposition to conservative or reactionary ideologies. The Progressive Movement began in cities with settlement workers and reformers who were interested in helping those facing harsh conditions at home and at work.
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direct primary
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is an election in which voters in a jurisdiction select candidates for a subsequent election. Primary elections are one means by which a political party nominates candidates for the following general election.
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national convention
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a convention held every four years by each of the major political parties to nominate a presidential candidate.
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national committee
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committee made up of representatives from the whole nation
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congressional campaign committee
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They play a critical role in recruiting candidates, raising funds, and organizing races in districts that are expected to yield politically notable or close elections
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national chairman
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head of a government department or agency
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super-delegates
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Unlike most convention delegates, the superdelegates are not selected based on the party primaries and caucuses in each U.S. state, in which voters choose among candidates for the party's presidential nomination. Instead, most of the superdelegates are seated automatically, based solely on their status as current or former party leaders and elected officials
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winner-take-all-system
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US election system in which if a candidate wins a majority of the electoral votes for one state they receive all the votes from that state
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political machine
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is a disciplined political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.
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Tammany Hall
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was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants (most notably the Irish) rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s
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patronage
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The pride and respect one has or shows for ones country
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plurality system
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a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies. This voting method is also used in multi-member constituencies in what is referred to as an exhaustive counting system where one member is elected at a time and the process repeated until the number of vacancies is filled.
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linkage institutions
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a structure within a society that connects the people to the government or centralized authority. These institutions include: elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media.
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"loyal opposition"
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is applied to the opposition parties in the legislature to indicate that the non-governing parties may oppose the actions of the sitting cabinet – typically comprising parliamentarians from the party with the most seats in the elected legislative chamber – while maintaining loyalty to the source of the government's power.
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"out party"
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realignment
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or political realignment are terms from political science and political history describing a dramatic change in the political system.
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First Party System
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is a term of periodization used by political scientists and historians to describe the political party system existing in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party (created by Alexander Hamilton) and the Democratic-Republican Party (created by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison).
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Second Party System
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s a term of periodization used by historians and political scientists to name the political party system existing in the United States from about 1828 to 1854. The system was characterized by rapidly rising levels of voter interest beginning in 1828, as demonstrated by election day turnout, rallies, partisan newspapers, and a high degree of personal loyalty to party.[1][2]
The major parties were the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, assembled by Henry Clay from the National Republicans, and other opponents of Jackson |
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New Deal Coalition
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was the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 until approximately 1968, which made the Democratic Party the majority party during that period, losing only to Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956. Franklin D. Roosevelt created a coalition that included the Democratic party, big city machines, labor unions, minorities (racial, ethnic and religious), liberal farm groups, intellectuals, and the white South. The coalition fell apart in 1968, but it remains the model that party activists seek to replicate.[1]
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Spoils System
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(also known as a patronage system) is an informal practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity.
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Civil Service
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* A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations.
* The body of employees in any government agency other than the military. |
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McGovern-Frasier Commission
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formally known as Commission on Party Structure and Delegate Selection [1] was a commission created in response to the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention.
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Party Dealignment
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is a trend or process whereby a large portion of the electorate abandons its previous partisan affiliation, without developing a new one to replace it.
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"personal following"
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people that follow a candidate because of the personal relationship they have with them
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proportional representation
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is a type of voting system aimed at securing a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates obtain in elections, and the percentage of seats they receive
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coalition
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an alliance among individuals or groups, during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own self-interest, joining forces together for a common cause.
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party platform
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is a list of the actions which a political party supports in order to appeal to the general public for the purpose of having said party's candidates voted into office.
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Dixiecrats
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was a shortlived segregationist, socially conservative political party in the United States. It originated as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party in 1948, determined to protect what they portrayed as the Southern way of life beset by an oppressive federal government[1], and supporters assumed control of the state Democratic parties in part or in full in several Southern states. The States' Rights Democratic Party opposed racial integration and wanted to retain Jim Crow laws and white supremacy.
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Strom Thurmond
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was an American politician who served as the 103rd Governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator. He also ran for the Presidency of the United States in 1948 as the segregationist States Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrat) candidate, receiving 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes. Thurmond later represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 to April 1956 and November 1956 to January 2003, at first as a Democrat and after 1964 as a Republican, switching parties as the conservative base shifted.
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George Wallace
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he ran for US president four times, running officially as a Democrat three times and in the American Independent Party once. A 1972 assassination attempt left him paralyzed and a wheelchair user for the remainder of his life. He is best known for his Southern populist[3] pro-segregation attitudes during the American desegregation period, convictions he renounced later in life.[4]
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American Independent Party
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racial party that was headed by Governor George Wallace
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Ross Perot
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is an American businessman from Texas best known for running for President of the United States in 1992 and 1996
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Critical Elections
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a dramatic change in the political system
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