Political Participation Final

Front 1

How do Strict Constructionist interperet the U.S. Constitution?

Back 1

As it is written

Front 2

Government, particularly the legislative branch, was designed to be...?

Back 2

Slow and inefficient

Front 3

On average what percentage of proposed bills will not pass?

Back 3

95

Front 4

representative vote in accordance with their political party and best judgement is called?

Back 4

trustee

Front 5

representatives vote the way their constituents want them to vote is called?

Back 5

Delegate

Front 6

representatives act as a trustee or delegate depending on the issue is called?

Back 6

politico

Front 7

How often is a new congress seated?

Back 7

2 years

Front 8

Committees that continue from one session of congress to the next are called?

Back 8

Standing Committee

Front 9

A committee comprised of members of the house and senate that originally considered a bill that had different versions in each chamber of congress. This committee is designed to "iron out" the differences, is called?

Back 9

Conference Committee

Front 10

The committee focus on key issues, committee membership consists of members of both the senate and house, is called?

Back 10

Joint Committee

Front 11

Conducts special investigations on specific topics, then reports back to the chamber of congress that established the committee, is called?

Back 11

Select Committee

Front 12

The most important power of congress is?

Back 12

The power to make laws

Front 13

The power to make laws is shared by both the ____ and ____?

Back 13

House of representatives and senate

Front 14

In order to become a law, a ___ must be passed by both the house and senate?

Back 14

Bill

Front 15

Only a member of the house or senate may ___ a bill, but ____ can write a bill.

Back 15

introduce, anyone

Front 16

Many bills originate in the?

Back 16

Executive branch

Front 17

Bills are ____ and _____ by a member of congress

Back 17

endorsed and introduced

Front 18

what are the 3 stages a bill must survive to become a law?

Back 18

committees, floor, and the conference committee

Front 19

A bill can _____ at any stage.

Back 19

Die

Front 20

A bill that has been introduced is then given to who?

Back 20

the Clerk of the Chamber

Front 21

After a bill passes through the clerk of the Chamber it goes where?

Back 21

to an Appropriate committee

Front 22

After a committee reviews a bill it then goes where?

Back 22

to an appropriate subcommittee

Front 23

After a bill is given to a subcommittee, the subcommittee does research and may choose what?

Back 23

Hold a hearing to gather more information

Front 24

after information of a bill has been gathered by a subcommittee, they then holds what?

Back 24

a vote to determine if the bill is worthy of further consideration.

Front 25

After a bill has been voted on by a subcommittee, it is sent back to the committee and altered in what is known as what?

Back 25

Markup session

Front 26

After the markup session, the committe determines if the bill should go to the ____ for a vote, or ____ in the committee.

Back 26

Floor, die

Front 27

When a bill travels to the floor of either the house or senate , it is up for further ______.

Back 27

debate

Front 28

Most bills die at what stage?

Back 28

The floor of either the house or senate when further debated

Front 29

When a bill travels to the floor of the House, the ____ on ______ sets rules that limit debate and/or specify what amendments are allowed.

Back 29

the house committee on rules

Front 30

An official request by the senate for information to make an informed desicion on a bill?

Back 30

Hold

Front 31

A formal way of halting action on a bill in the senate by giving a long speech, or engaging in unlimited debate on an issue?

Back 31

Filibuster

Front 32

Filibusters can only be ended by a _____?

Back 32

cloture

Front 33

__ senators must sign a motion of cloture.

Back 33

16

Front 34

A cloture is voted on by the floor, if __ senators agree with the motion, then the filibuster is broken and debate must cease within __ hours.

Back 34

60, 30

Front 35

If the bill passes the floor vote, it must then go to the ____ committe if there are two different versions of the same bill.

Back 35

conference

Front 36

A compromise is reach in terms of content and language of a bill it then is resubmitted to each chamber for a ____ vote.

Back 36

final

Front 37

If both chambers vote for the bill it's sent to the _____.

Back 37

president

Front 38

When it reaches the president he or she has ____ days to complete one of four options to a bill.

Back 38

10

Front 39

the four options a president has when a bill comes to the president are?

Back 39

sign bill into law, veto the bill, do nothing for 10 days (bill becomes a law), do nothing for 10 days with congress adjourned (pocket veto).

Front 40

If a bill is vetoed by the presedent it can be overidden by _____.

Back 40

2/3 vote in congress

Front 41

Congress can constrain the judiciary in what ways?

Back 41

establish the size of the supreme court, establisht the supreme court appellate jurisdiction, establish size and structure of federal inferior courts, allocate the judiciary budget, and consents to presidential nominations for federal judgeships.

Front 42

The framers of the U.S. constitution place ____ at the center of the government.

Back 42

Congress

Front 43

In the early years of the republic, ____ held the bulk of power

Back 43

Congress

Front 44

Article 3 of the constitution establishes a _______ in which the judicial power of the U.S. is held.

Back 44

Supreme court

Front 45

Article 3 of the constitution establishes a ___ ___ during "good behavior" for judges.

Back 45

Service Tenure

Front 46

Article 3 of the constitution establishes inferior courts as ____ may choose to establish.

Back 46

Congress

Front 47

Article 3 of the constitution establish the ____ jurisdiction of the supreme court. (how justices vote)

Back 47

orginial

Front 48

all ____ make policy.

Back 48

judges

Front 49

The _____ branch must enforce the courts decisions.

Back 49

Executive

Front 50

the federal selection process of judges is a very _____ process.

Back 50

political

Front 51

Judges are nominated by the ____ and confirmed by the ____.

Back 51

president, senate

Front 52

Judges are a _____ stamp on federal courts.

Back 52

Philosophical

Front 53

Philosophy that advocates a minimalist role for judges.(More conservative)

Back 53

Judicial restraint

Front 54

Philosophy where judges take more into account, go a step beyond the law to promote justice, equality, and personal liberty. (more liberal)

Back 54

Judicial Activism

Front 55

When judges have a strict constructionist view they don't read between the line. (stick to the constitution) they are practicing?

Back 55

Judicial restraint

Front 56

When judges have a loose constructionist view of the constitution being a loose and growing document, they are practicing?

Back 56

Judicial activism

Front 57

Typically federal judges have held previous _____ office such as prosecutor or state court judge.

Back 57

political

Front 58

Typically judges have prior _____ experience.

Back 58

Judicial

Front 59

Typically judges have been white ___ and Lawyers

Back 59

white

Front 60

Alexander hamilton penned in fed #71 that the judiciary would be the _____ dangerous branch of government.

Back 60

least

Front 61

the judicial branch has neither the power of the ____ or the power of the _____.

Back 61

sword, purse

Front 62

The _______ act of __ established the 3 tier federal court system as we know it today and the number of supreme court justices.

Back 62

Judiciary act of 1789

Front 63

orginially the supreme court had __ judges, but has remained at ___ since 1869.

Back 63

6, 9

Front 64

is considered by many people to be the most important justice to serve on the supreme court.

Back 64

John Marshall

Front 65

John Marshall was nominated by _______ in 1801

Back 65

John Adams

Front 66

John Marshall did 3 things to raise the supreme court profile?

Back 66

ensure the court issued majority opinions, established authority to invalidate state laws, and establishe judicial review.

Front 67

Power of a court to decide if a law or other legal issue contravenes the constitution; if a law is deemed unconstitutional the court may overturn it.

Back 67

Judicial Review

Front 68

The power of judicial review is _____ in the constitution.(not mentioned)

Back 68

implied

Front 69

The american legal system is a dual system containing?

Back 69

State courts and federal courts

Front 70

Both state courts and federal courts have 3 tiers, which are?

Back 70

Trial courts, appellate courts, high or supreme courts

Front 71

The ability to hear a case first.

Back 71

original jurisdiction

Front 72

The ability of courts to review cases that have already been decided in lower courts.

Back 72

Appellate jurisdiction

Front 73

District courts have _____ jurisdiction.

Back 73

Original

Front 74

Court of appealls have no jurisdiction, only _____ jurisdiction

Back 74

appellate

Front 75

The supreme court is the ___ interpreter of the constitution, national law, and state law.

Back 75

Final

Front 76

The supreme court has 6 steps in which decisions are made, they are?

Back 76

Case on the docket, briefs and amicus briefs submitted, oral argument, justices conference, opinions drafted, opinions announced.

Front 77

Benjamin Franklin was a vocal proponent of the provision for ____ the president

Back 77

impeaching

Front 78

The first step of the impeachment process is when?

Back 78

impeachment charges are brought by the house of Reps through majority vote.

Front 79

The second step of the impeachment process is when?

Back 79

The senate acts as a trial court, a 2/3 vote removes the president from office

Front 80

The 22nd amendment limits the president to ___ terms.

Back 80

2

Front 81

The 22nd amendment says in the case of the vp succeeding the president, he or she can serve no longer than ___ years.

Back 81

10

Front 82

The 25 amendment list a complete line of ____, incase something happened to the president.

Back 82

succession

Front 83

The president has the power to appoint ____ for supreme courts and federal "inferior" courts, along with people for the presidents ______. and abassadors.

Back 83

justices, cabinent

Front 84

A power of the president is to make ____, which require a 2/3 vote in the senate to confirm.

Back 84

treaties

Front 85

The primary check that the president has over congress is the power to ____.

Back 85

veto

Front 86

The president serves as the ______ of the military.

Back 86

commander-in-chief

Front 87

The president has the power to ____, which removes a conviction from a persons criminal record.

Back 87

pardon

Front 88

Initially, the office of _____ has been seen as rather insignificant.

Back 88

vice president

Front 89

geographical balance, to bring the party back together at the convention, achieve a social and cultural balance on the ticket, and used to overcome candidate shortcomings are all reasons for choosing the ___

Back 89

vice president

Front 90

The _____ consists of the heads of major executive departments and act as advisors to the president.

Back 90

presidential cabinent

Front 91

The ______ consists of important policy-making entities, such as the council of economic advisors, office of management and budget, office of the vp, office of the u.s. trade representatives, and national security council.

Back 91

The executive office of the president.

Front 92

The ______ consists of the president, vp, secretary of the state, secretary of defence, chair of the joint chiefs of staff, director of the CIA.

Back 92

National security council

Front 93

The ______ consists of personal assistants, senior aides, deputies, and clerical employees.

Back 93

White house staff

Front 94

The ________ keeps the white house staff organized to run effectively and efficiently.

Back 94

The Chief of staff

Front 95

The president sets national policy and priorities through his ____ proposals.

Back 95

budget

Front 96

Budgets reflect _____ according to the amount of funding proposed for programs and/or agencies

Back 96

priorities

Front 97

The logistics necessary for implenmentation for public policies.

Back 97

Public administration

Front 98

Public administrators that work closely with citizens and play a role in consulting the workings of government and how others view government.

Back 98

Street level bureaucrats

Front 99

____ authority plays a key role in the operation and perception of government.

Back 99

Discretionary

Front 100

The ability of public administratiors to make a significant choices affecting the management and operation of programs for which they are responsible to implement.

Back 100

Administrative discretion

Front 101

Public administration existed under the ____ of _____

Back 101

articles of confederation

Front 102

The office of _______ was added to the constitution which is a constitutional theory of Public administration

Back 102

attorney general

Front 103

The primary responsibility of P.A. is to uphold the _____.

Back 103

Constitution

Front 104

____ powers should be used to balance power in favor of individual rights.

Back 104

discretionary

Front 105

Article __ section __ legitimates public administration.

Back 105

2,2

Front 106

Article 2 section 3, discusses the _____ clause.

Back 106

take care clause

Front 107

the take care clause is to _______ that the laws be faithfully exocuted implies that the president oversees implementation.

Back 107

"take care"

Front 108

Efficiency, political nuetrality, and/or strong ethical standards are valued when hiring public administratiors under the ____ system.

Back 108

merit

Front 109

4 reasons why government has grown in size

Back 109

complexity, public pressure, crisis situations, greater regulation

Front 110

an agency serves a particular policy area

Back 110

functions

Front 111

serves a particular geographic location

Back 111

geography

Front 112

serves a particular segment of society

Back 112

clientele

Front 113

engage in a particular activity or process, such as data analasis

Back 113

work process

Front 114

external control, where by an entity must provide an account of actions and justify why such actions were taken.

Back 114

Accountability (legal)

Front 115

3 different legal accountability mechanisms

Back 115

sunshine laws, sunset laws, and freedom of information act

Front 116

laws that require many legislative and administration proceedings be open to the public

Back 116

sunshine laws

Front 117

clause written into legislation that require a law to be renewed periodically. failure to renew the law results in its termination

Back 117

sunset laws

Front 118

law that establishes avenue through which private citizens can gain access to documentation from government agencies

Back 118

freedom of information act

Front 119

power to appoint and dismiss, interpreting enforcement of legislation and the ability to restructure agencies when necessary

Back 119

Executive branch

Front 120

power to appropriate funding, legislative oversight, and congressional hearings.

Back 120

legislative branch

Front 121

interpreting the legality of programs and policies through court cases

Back 121

judicial branch

Front 122

Government activity designed to monitor and guide private actions and behaviors

Back 122

government regulation

Front 123

____ regulation focus on competition in the market place

Back 123

traditional

Front 124

____ regulations prevent harm and promote social well being

Back 124

new

Front 125

Citizen participation serves several purposes

Back 125

improving decision-making processes, providing and/or recieving information, enhancing public acceptance, altering political power and resource allocation, protecting rights, and avoiding difficult decisions

Front 126

citizen participation has several typical characteristics.

Back 126

represent specific interest, include representatives of government agencies acting in a private capacity, project outcome typically is not representative of a majority of citizens affected by policy, participants are typically well educated, their outcome of projects rarely cater to diverse interests.

Front 127

Several reasons why citizen participation has not been widely effective.

Back 127

Dangers of co-optation and/or tokenism, citizen led intitiatives may tend to be short-sighted in addressing policy problems, citizen led intitiatives often do not take into account public sector complications

Front 128

A theory that public administration should reflect the characteristics of its constituent population.

Back 128

Represenatative buraeucracy

Front 129

Federalist and anti-federalist debate occurred in the public, primarily through the publication of letters to partisan _____.

Back 129

newspapers

Front 130

The _________ sought to secure freedom of the press in the bill of rights.

Back 130

anti-federalists

Front 131

journalism used to be much more ____ and _____ than it is today.

Back 131

partisan and personal

Front 132

During the ______ movement, reporters played a crucial role in uncovering government wrong doing.

Back 132

progressive

Front 133

The progressive movement led to differences between elctronic and print. 3 differences

Back 133

print media is largely unregulated, electronic media is heavily regulated, electronic media uses radio and TV airwaves to broadcast. these airwaves are public property, leased to stations for use.

Front 134

The alleged media monopolies today have come from a result of ______.

Back 134

deregulation

Front 135

It is the government's responsibility to safeguard ______ information.

Back 135

classified

Front 136

Government cannot _____ the press from printing a story through leaked information.

Back 136

censor or stop

Front 137

Written document provided to the press by officials

Back 137

press release

Front 138

a live event with the press, but questions are limited to specific subjects.

Back 138

press briefing

Front 139

a media free-for-all. no subject off limits.

Back 139

press conference

Front 140

none of the news obtained can be attributed to the source.

Back 140

on background

Front 141

the source is to remain completely unnamed.

Back 141

Deep background

Front 142

nothing the source says can be printed. if the same information is obtained else where through off the record tips, the information i then "free game"

Back 142

off the record

Front 143

every word can be quoted

Back 143

on the record

Front 144

affects what information citizens have(or lack)

Back 144

setting the agenda

Front 145

can greatly affect public opinion

Back 145

framing the issue

Front 146

targeting media programming at specific populations within society.

Back 146

narrowcasting

Front 147

includes the wording of news headlines, and/or using specific terms or phrases when discussing a topic.

Back 147

language

Front 148

the use of pictures and video to ingrain a convincible and memorable mental image

Back 148

imagery

Front 149

media is ____.

Back 149

biased

Front 150

an organization of people with similiar policy goals that tries to influence the political process in an effort to achieve those goals.

Back 150

interest groups

Front 151

4 kinds of organized interests

Back 151

public interest, economic interest, governmental units, political action committees

Front 152

4 types of lobbyists

Back 152

in-house, contract basis, volunteer/cause, concerned citizens

Front 153

2 types of interest group techniques

Back 153

direct and indirect techniques

Front 154

lobbyists may use "______ of goodwill" when interacting with government officials.

Back 154

gestures

Front 155

successfull interests groups have 3 characteristic(tips)

Back 155

provision of timely and accurate information, times is often constrained, present both sides of the issue

Front 156

Interests groups have been criticized for (4 ways)

Back 156

allegedly ignoring the broader societal interest, producing confusion and deadlock in congress, generation emotion that makes reasoned discourse difficult, and having to much influence

Front 157

Benefits of interests groups (4 ways)

Back 157

promoting interest in public affairs, providing useful information, serving as watchdogs, and representing citizen interests

Front 158

Factions have had a _____ effect on society

Back 158

divisive

Front 159

__________ (and interest groups) are considered to be factions

Back 159

political parties

Front 160

an organized effort by office holders, candidates, ativitists, and voters to pursue their common interest by gaining and exercising power through the electoral process.

Back 160

political parties

Front 161

3 dimension to a political party

Back 161

set of government office holders who organize and control the legislative and executive branches of government, an organization that recruits and campaigns for candidates, an electorate that voters identify with.

Front 162

potential voters who identify with a specific party

Back 162

party in the electorate

Front 163

used to select party candidates for elective office

Back 163

primary elections

Front 164

only registered party members may vote

Back 164

closed primary

Front 165

open to the voting public

Back 165

open primary

Front 166

candidates representing the political parties compete against each other in _________.

Back 166

general elections

Front 167

citizens propose legislation and sumbit it to popular vote

Back 167

initiative

Front 168

the legislature submits proposed legislation for popular vote

Back 168

referendum

Front 169

election held that allows citizens to remove an incumbent

Back 169

recall

Front 170

ensured that the president was chosen intelligently and with the input of each state

Back 170

electoral college

Front 171

a majority of __ electoral college votes wins the presidency

Back 171

270

Front 172

The number of electors in the electoral college is dermined by the congress members from each _____.

Back 172

state

Front 173

there are a total of ___ electoral votes

Back 173

538