Political Inquiry Keywords

Front 1

restrictive clauses

Back 1

limit the possible meaning of a preceding subject
Ex. The suspect in the lineup WHO HAS RED HAIR committed the crime.

Front 2

nonrestrictive clauses

Back 2

tell you something about a preceding subject, but they do not limit, or restrict, the meaning of that subject
Ex. The suspect in the lineup, WHO OWNS A RED CAR, committed the crime.

Front 3

independent clauses

Back 3

a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence.
Ex. Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.

Front 4

dependent clauses

Back 4

a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word.
Ex. When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . .

Front 5

dependent marker words

Back 5

after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while

Front 6

coordinating conjunctions

Back 6

and, but, or, so, nor, for, yet

Front 7

antecedent

Back 7

a word, phrase, or clause referred to by another expression which precedes or follows it
Ex. The boy who pitched the game is worn out. - "The boy" is the antecedent of "who"

Front 8

jargon

Back 8

terminology, much like slang, that relates to a specific activity, profession, or group

Front 9

colloquial

Back 9

using an expression not used in formal speech or writing

Front 10

passive

Back 10

the subject receives the action expressed in the verb; the subject is acted upon;
The agent performing the action may appear in a "by the . . ." phrase or may be omitted.
Ex. The boy was bitten by the dog OR

Front 11

cliche

Back 11

a phrase, expression, or idea that has been overused to the point of losing its intended force or novelty, especially when at some time it was considered distinctively forceful or novel
Ex. hasn't a grain of sense

Front 12

dangling modifiers

Back 12

a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept

Front 13

misplaced modifiers

Back 13

modifiers that lead to illogical sentences that are difficult to follow
Ex. A small book sat on the desk that Sarah had read

Front 14

parallel structure

Back 14

using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance
Ex.
Not Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.

Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.

Front 15

inductive

Back 15

begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories