Political Georgrapy

Front 1

Abd-al Rahman Ibn Khaldun's investigations into the nature of political units led to theories about political integration and disintegration and ultimately to the concept of cyclical nature of a State's existence which is known as _____ _____.

Back 1

Dynastic Cyclism

Front 2

A strong emotional attachment to one's territority that develops among member of tribes, nations, and other peoples at varying geographic scales is called _____.

Back 2

territoriality

Front 3

An envelope of territory or area surrounding people which they perceive as an extension of themselves (distances vary among cultures) is called _____ _____.

Back 3

Personal Space

Front 4

The tendency for dominant cultural groups to settle in the most disirable regions, thus creating identifiable spatial patterns across States and regions is referred to as _____ _____.

Back 4

Dominance behavior

Front 5

Perceptions or images of places of our immediate surroundings, our country, and the world are referred to as _____ _____.

Back 5

Mental Maps

Front 6

The manner in which people perceive their surroundings, including images of the world around us, is referred to as _____ _____.

Back 6

Spatial perception

Front 7

A place's location in relation to surrounding locations is referred to as _____ location.

Back 7

Relative

Front 8

A specific location that is frequently measured using a grid system, such as latitude and longitude is referred to as ______ location.

Back 8

Absolute

Front 9

The relationship between distance on a map and distance in the real world, or on the ground, between places depicted on a map, e.g. 1:25,000, is called the map _____.

Back 9

Scale

Front 10

A technique for providing two-dimensional representation on a map of the Earth's three-dimensional, spherical surface is a map _____. Examples are mercator, conical, etc.

Back 10

Projection

Front 11

A _____ is an independent country consisting of a specific territory and citizens bound by a sovereign government that demands their loyalty.

Back 11

State

Front 12

A feeling of belonging to a particular nation through ethnicity, religion, or civic unity is known as

Back 12

nationality

Front 13

The ideal form of government to which most nations and States aspire and which best promotes territorial stability is the _____-_____.

Back 13

Nation-State

Front 14

A sub-tribal group formed by families with close ancestral linkages is known as a _____.

Back 14

Clan

Front 15

A basic geographic concept related to the importance of location. _____ refers to the internal physical and cultural attributes of a place, such as New Orleans which lies along the Mississippi River delta.

Back 15

site

Front 16

What nation of people north of the Rio Grande achieved a confederacy prior to the European invasion and had a profound influence on American colonial leaders who incorporated many of their ideas, such as indivdual liberty and a system of checks and balances, into the U.S. Constitution

Back 16

Iroquois

Front 17

A form of government that revolved around a hierarchy of ruling classes who distributed land to subordinates in return for various rents and services.

Back 17

Feudalism

Front 18

The concept that many possibilities exist regarding human-environmental interactions and that people have a wide range of choices as to how to develop their cultural landscapes.

Back 18

environmental possibilism

Front 19

The concept that one or another element of the physical environment determines the type and level of civilization a society can attain, is called _____ _____.

Back 19

Environmental Determinism

Front 20

The forces that tend to pull or break a State apart are called _____ forces.

Back 20

centrifugal

Front 21

Who is referred to as the "father" of political geography?

Back 21

Friederich Ratzel

Front 22

Contemporary political geographers working at the microscale level (levels below that of the State) spawned a new subspecialization that uses the electoral district as its field - this is referred to as:

Back 22

electoral geography

Front 23

In human territoriality, status in the diplomatic business arena is symbolized by rank and precedence and referred to as:

Back 23

protocol

Front 24

In his book, The Hidden Dimension, Edward T. Hall, coined a term for the study of the ways in which people perceive space and use in various cultures. This term is:

Back 24

proxemics

Front 25

A specific location that is frequently measured using a grid system, such as latitude and longitude coordinates, street intersections or location of seats in a classroom is referred to as _____ location

Back 25

absolute

Front 26

A cognitive map based on one's perceptions of a place is referred to as a(n):

Back 26

mental map

Front 27

A specific location that is frequently measured using a grid system, such as latitude and longitude coordinates, street intersections or location of seats in a classroom is referred to as _____ location.

Back 27

absolute

Front 28

A cognitive map based on one's perceptions of a place is referred to as a(n):

Back 28

mental map

Front 29

The science of map-making is called:

Back 29

cartography

Front 30

The three essential qualities of every map are:

Back 30

projection, scale, and symbolization

Front 31

A scale 1:25,000 is an example of what type of scale:

Back 31

representative fraction

Front 32

A feeling of belonging to a particular nation through ethnicity, religion, or civic unity is known as:

Back 32

nationalism

Front 33

When a people and their territority withdraw from a State to become independent, it is known as:

Back 33

secession

Front 34

The dominant form of political organization today is the:

Back 34

State

Front 35

People living as a minority in one or more States who want a State of their own carved from territory currently included in one or more States are what kind of nations?

Back 35

Stateless

Front 36

A _____ is a sub-group of people who share unifying cultural characteristics, hierarchically falling above the family, but below the level of the nation.

Back 36

tribe

Front 37

A relatively rare form of government in which religious elites occupy the ruling positions within a State and the legal system is based on religious rules and principles is referred to as a _____.

Back 37

theocracy

Front 38

A(n) _____ is an association or alliance of States or other political entities for common defense, commerce, or other purposes, such as the city-states of Greece who joined together to promote common objectives.

Back 38

league

Front 39

_____ was a form of government that revolved around the notion that wealth was measured by the accumulation of large quantities of gold and silver

Back 39

mercantilism

Front 40

The forces that tend to bind a State together are called _____ forces.

Back 40

centripetal

Front 41

A term to describe a situation in which one State disintegrates into a number of mutually hostile States, such as Yugoslavia, where centrifugal forces drove this process to an extreme.

Back 41

balkanization

Front 42

A set of related political objects (parts) and their attributes (properties) that are arranged as the end product of the processes by which people organize themselves politcally in their particular social and physical environments.

Back 42

political system

Front 43

List and briefly discuss the four (4) broad areas of contemporary emphases in contemporary Political Geograph

Back 43

1 example of emphases in contemporary Political Geography is on Humanistic political geography which is concerned with uncovering the dynamic social processes whereby the spatial dimensions of the natural and social world are organized and reorganized into geographically provinces by national and transitional groups.

Contemporary geography also emphases the study of the variation of political phenomena from place to place in interconnection with variations in other features of the earth as the home of man.

thirdly, it emphases the aspect of earth-man relationships and the relationship between geographical factors and political entities.

and finally, the study of interaction of geographical area and political process.

Front 44

Briefly describe what a mental map is.

Back 44

A mental map is a personals mental or internal view of their immediate surroundings, their country, and the world. It is a distortion that reflects misconceptions that are held in ones minds.

Front 45

List and explain the three (3) essential qualities of every map.

Back 45

1. Map projection - used to control distortion of placing a round globe on a flat surface: an equal-area projection is used to show land comparisons; an equidistant projection compensates for distance; etc.
2. Map scale must be large enough for the amount of detail in the map to be seen clearly, but not so large that the map wastes space or becomes unwieldy. Large-scale map displays small area and small-scale map displays large area. (Another way of interpreting this is that the scale refers to the ratio or fraction of the area on the map to the area on the ground - the larger the fraction the smaller the area [1:2 or 1/2 meaning that 1 inch on the map equals 2 inches on the ground - small area, whereas 1:50 or 1/50th means that 1 inch on the map equals 50 inches on the ground - larger area]
3. Map symbols must fit the map scale and be easy for the reader to interpret, with the aid of a legend or key if necessary

Front 46

Briefly identify the characterisics of and differences between a State, nation and nation-state.

Back 46

* A State is an independent country consisting of a specific territory and citizens bound by a sovereign government that demands their loyalty - it is a political unit.
* Unlike a State, a nation is a group of people with a common culture, a territory they view as their homeland, and sharing one or more important culture traits, such as religion, language, poitical institutions, values, and historical experience.
* A nation-state is a nation with a State wrapped around it. It is a nation with its own State, a State in which there is no significant group that is not part of the nation.

Front 47

In order for a place to be considered a State in the strictest sense, it must possess certain characteristics - the text listed five of these - list and define.

Back 47

1. Land territory. A State must occupy a definite portion of the Earth's land surface and should have boundaries.
2. Permanent resident population. An area devoid of people altogether, no matter how large, cannot be a State. A State is a human institution.
3. Government. The people living within a territory must have some sort of administrative system to perform functions needed by the people.
4. Organized economy. A State has responsibility for many economic activities, even if they include little more than the issuance and supervision of money and the regulation of foreign trade.
5. Circulation system. For a State to function, there must be some organized means of transmitting goods, people, and ideas from one part of the territory to another. All forms of transportation and communication are included within the term circulation.

Front 48

Explain the difference between Environmental Determinism and Environmental Possibilism (Probabilism).

Back 48

Environmental determinism is the view that human activities are governed by the environment, primarily the physical environment. According to this view, individuals build up knowledge by encountering the world through their senses, and are unable to transcend their responses to the environment, they are at the mercy of environmental stimuli.

Environmental Possibilism counters Environmental determinism by offering the idea that the natural environment sets certain possibilities or options form which cultures, conditioned by their history and particular customs, may choose.