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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Noun endings depend on what three things?
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1. Number- Is it singular or plural?
2. Gender- Fem., Masc., or Neut. 3. Case- Which case? Nom., Gen., Dat., Accu., Instr., Loc., Voc. |
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Feminine nouns end in what?
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Fem. nouns usually end in -a. Exceptions include: Pani, Noc, Sol...
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Masculine nouns end in what?
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Masc. nouns usually end in a consonaant. Exceptions usually relate to occupations: Mezczyzna, Kierowca, Dentysta...
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Neutral nouns end in what?
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Neut. nouns usually end in -o or -e. Words relating to occupations usually have both Fem. and Masc. forms.
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Nominative Case:
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1. The subject of a sentence.
2. Answers the Q's: What is it? Who is it? Who is Walking? It is the park. It is Mark. Mark is walking. 3. Usually used with the verb " to be." |
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Genitive Case:
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The genitive case has five uses:
Indicated possession, replaces the English word for 'of', answers the question: Whose is it? Of what is it? Mark's house (or the house of Mark). The cat's tail. When the negative 'nie' (not) is used in what would normally be the accusative case. Answers the question: What is not here? I do not have a bike. Follows certain verbs such as sluchac (to listen to) and szukac (to look for) I am listing to the CD player. I am looking for my watch Used after the prepositions od( from, since) do (to, into) dla (for), kolo (near, by) z/ze (out of, from). I am going to Krakow . I have been happy since my birthday. Used to express quantity, There are many boxes, There are only a few eggs. |
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Dative Case:
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Generally related to the English preposition "to", that is doing something "to".
Answers the question: to what? To who? I am giving the book to Marta I am lending Marta the book. Used with verbs like Dawac-give to Pomagac-help to Pozyczac-lend to. |
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Accusative Case:
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The direct object of most verbs; the object of some prepositions.
Answers the questions: What is the action is about? Whom the action is about? I see the tree. I see what? The tree. I see Mark. I see who? Mark. We would like to visit Krakow. What would you like to visit? Krakow. I have a new dress. What do you have? A new dress. Most common verbs used: I see, I have, I like. Other examples: I am going to buy a plane ticket. I am going to buy what? A plane ticket. I am going to sell my car. I am going to sell what? My car. The accusative also follows preposition that indicate going towards or motion. Pzez-through Na-on, to, towards, for I am going to the market. I am waiting for my love. I will be on vacation. I am walking through the building. |
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Instrumental Case:
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Generally related to the English preposition 'with' or 'by' when referring to transportation.
Answers the questions-whom am I doing something with? With what am I doing something with? I am talking on the phone with Joseph. I am traveling by train. This is also a case of location, most commonly used with "Z" or with." also Przed-in front of Nad-above Pod-under, bellow Za- behind. |
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Locative Case:
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Case of location.
Answers the questions: who I am talking about? What is it on? Used with some prepositions, often showing location. On, about, this is the case of location." Na-on W-in Przy-by, at Po-after o-about On the plane, On the street, In the building ,We are talking about the movie star. |
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Vocative Case:
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Answers the questions who or what are you calling - rarely used do not learn it.
To call someone from a distance. |
