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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Political Ideology |
ideology decribe the present offer a future-oriented vision and an action plan. - internally, externally contested -reflect historical conditions - ideologies and the enlightenment |
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Classical Liberalism |
rooted individualist philosophies - protection of individual - property rights, rule of law - limited govt intervention -liberty -tolerance |
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Negative Liberalism |
defined as an absence of interference -valorization of free markets |
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Modern Liberalism |
5 PONT CRITIQUE OF MARKET FUNDAMENTALISM - equality of opportunity individual freedom and rights
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Positive Liberty And Entitlements |
Freedom involves capacity to determine and achieve own goals - exercise conflict of freedom -entitlements and the safety network. |
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Conservatism |
emerged as a response to liberalism and enlightenment - critique of abstract principles - tradition, modernism, duty, honor skepticism towards change |
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EDMUND BURKE |
Natural Aristocracy and its consequences |
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Modern Conservatism's |
Social and Cultural conservatism - signifigant moral component religion, tradition, family values "one nation" |
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Neoconservatism |
mix classical liberalism with social/cultural conservatism - patriotism - state sovereignty against international institutions knowing friends for enemies. |
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Bourgeoisie |
owners of means of population |
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Proletariat |
workers who sell their labor power |
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Petty Bourgeoise |
shop owners, artisans, tradesman |
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Lumpenproletariat |
the unemployed, the unemployable, criminal element |
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Class Interests |
objective position within economy and class system |
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Capitalism and Alienation 4 Instances |
Alienation and the products of production Alienation and the labor process Alienation and or species being Alienation and each other |
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State Origins |
from feudalism to capitalism URBANIZATION |
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Critique of Marxism |
the state does oppose certainly businesses interest |
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HEGEMONY |
dominant ideas and practices are turned into common sense. |
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Law, Constitutions, and Federalism |
what legitimizes laws in democratic society? the state's monopoly on authority a mandate from the public the practice of checks and balances |
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Rule of Law |
1- govt must follow the law that it makes. 2- No one is exempt from the operation of the law- it applies equally to all 3- general rights emerge out of particular |
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CONSTITUTION |
a set of rules that authority establishes both structure and fundamental principles of the political regime |
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law and the constitution |
a constitution defines the key relationship between: |
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The living tree doctrine |
allows for a constitution to change to change and evolve over time while still acknowledging its original intentions. |
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originalism |
doctrine: views a constitutions meanings as fixed as of the time of enhancement. |
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Federalism |
a political organization in which the activities of government are divided between regions and a central govt so that each level has areas of authority wherein it is supreme |
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Unitary States |
maintain power in the centre and exercise it through a national govt, |
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Federations |
dispute powers among 2 or more levels of govt. |
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Consociationalism |
the brokering of power be entities in a state that have major diversions along ethnic, religious or linguistic lines. |
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Asymmetrical Decentralization |
a hybrid version of federalism and consociationalism where some substrate units have greater power than others. |
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branches of govt, |
Executive Judiciary Legislative |
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Legislature |
the law making of a political unit (province) where in legislation (laws) presented debated and voted on. |
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FUNCTIONS OF A LEGISLATURE- Representational |
geographic representation (constituencies) group representation (personal characteristics) party representation |
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FUNCTIONS OF A LEGISLATURE Governmental |
legislators are responsible for - writing, debating and passive laws committee work |
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Functions of a Legislature Procedural |
vote on new policies and adjust old ones. Every action is subject to procedure which ritualizes conflict and ensures transparency, |
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TYPES OF LEGISLATURES |
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Forms of Legislatures |
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WHO MAKES UP THE EXECUTIVE |
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The Judiciary |
allocates power between govt - guards the constitution - regulation of societal exchanges (mutual rights and responsibility) - a third part adjudicator to settle legal disputes |
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Three Features of the Judiciary Judicial Impartiality |
Judges must be free from prejudice for or against any party appearing before them. |
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Judicial Interdependence |
the autonomy of judges- collectively from other individuals and institutions |
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Equality before the law |
judges must be able to recognize the difference normal equality and sustantive equality |
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electoral system |
the means by which votes cast for candidates or parties are translated into leg leisure seats |
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District Magnitude |
the number of elected candidates per district/riding |
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ballot type |
does the ballot allow the voter to choose 1 or more candidate? can the voter rank candidates. |
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plurality |
one rep from each constituency not gain majority votes just more than any other candidate Canada, US, UK |
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majoritarian |
one member per riding - france austria finland russia |
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proportional representation |
choose match between % of votes and % of seats Germany , ireland, Denmark |
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mixed representation |
uses elements of plurality/majority and PR (Jaden, new zealand) |
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mass parties |
a party that attempts to base itself on an appeal to the masses usually rejects elite politics (reform party) Canada |
