Policy And Politics

Front 1

Key P&P principle to Ron

Back 1

Organizations are composed of people.

Front 2

Key things to determine related to change

Back 2

a) what needs to be changed
b) who are the important players in the game
c) in what ways can one along with others influence change
d) how does one determine whether change is worthwhile

Front 3

two major external factors that have profound effects on political systems

Back 3

1) globalization 2) religion (also demographics, terrorism, urbanization, etc)

Front 4

Loosely coupled systems - theorist? And explanation?

Back 4

Weick - Life is not neat (like an organizational chart might imply) - a group may form in defiance to a change initiative thus loosely coupled

Front 5

Policy explained

Back 5

Policies address issues that are not patent and may be controversial or open to various opinions. This justifies the need for policy as it codifies "how we do things around here" and ties decisions to school ethos/mission/etc.

Front 6

Policy is

Back 6

a dynamic and value laden process designed to handle a problem

Front 7

What happens to the org. when you make a decision - Yoshida

Back 7

Everytime a decision is rendered, you are affecting the culture

Front 8

Key to policy acceptance

Back 8

TRUST

Front 9

6 stages of Policy Development

Back 9

1. What is the issue?
2. How high a priority is it?
3. Formulate the policy.
4. Adopt the accepted policy
5. Implement the accepted policy.
6. Follow-up and evaluate effectiveness

Front 10

Types of Power

Back 10

Position
Expertise/Information
Control of Rewards
Coercive
Alliance/Network
Access/Control of Agendas
Control of Meaning/Symbols
Personal/Referent

Front 11

Lead P&P author for course

Back 11

Frances Fowler

Front 12

Costs

Back 12

tangible and intangible
cost-benefit ratio
cost = anything given up
benefit = anything you gain.

Front 13

Tangible costs

Back 13

test scores
drop-out rate
personnel
facilities
equipment
materials
client inputs
miscellaneous items

Front 14

Intangible costs

Back 14

stronger community support
teacher burnout
student morale

Front 15

A successful policy/change implementation needs

Back 15

strong rationale,
alignment with philosophy/mission,
strong assistance for implementers,
capacity building,
transparency,
willingness to receive constructive feedback (Deming),
resources,
time allocation,
pacing/staging of change,
leadership,
accountability,
high expectations,
shared decision making.

Front 16

Politics is about power. What is Power?

Back 16

Fowler - the ability of an actor to affect the behavior of another actor.
Erickson - the ability to get others to do what you want them to do.
Bolman&Deal - top-down or bottom up power

Front 17

Fowler's three dimension of power

Back 17

1. Force (physical or psychic), economic dominance, authority
2. Mobilization of bias, manipulation,
3. Shaping consciousness via persuasion or manipulation.