Police Organization And Administration -> Prof. Singer

Front 1

investigative Function

Back 1

1) Police Responding to A call
2) Verify if Crime occured
3) Search for Suspect
A) Hot -> suspect in general vicinity
B) Warm -> Suspect in General vicinity
C) Cold -> suspect left general Area
4) conduct preliminary Investigation
5) follow-up investigation

Front 2

4 Purpouses of Investigative Function:

Back 2

1) insure for thoroughness of preliminary investigation.
2) Follow-up leads
3) explore possibility of linking this crime to other similar crimes -> "Link analysis"
4) Prepare case for prosecution

Front 3

Directed Patrol

Back 3

1) Crime analysis
2) Restoring the patrol Function

Front 4

Advantages of directed patrol

Back 4

1) specific units assigned to specific neighborhoods based upon need.
2) promotes teamwork
3) allows police officers to use their skills
4) citizens approve

Front 5

Police Role

Back 5

Expected Behavior of a person in a given situation for the purpose of achieving an objective or A goal.

Front 6

Managerial Training

Back 6

1) leadership
2) budgeting
3) motivation
4) civil liability

Front 7

Factors influencing police roles

Back 7

1) availability
2) Society/culture
3) Socilization -> How an individual grew up.
4) law
5) Local community -> Citizen expectations
6) PD rules and policies
7) Individual

Front 8

Rand Analysis Recommendations

Back 8

1) Post arrest investigations should be conducted
2) Most arrests should be handeled by a well trained police officer.
3) Sharing information between patrol offices and detectives ups the clearance rate.
4) investigators should focus on the known offenders offenses.
5) pd should establish a major case squad to investigate major crimes.
6) To increase arrest rate make a "Strike force".
7) PD must strengthen ability to collect and process physical evidence.
8) PD must institute services for victims/witnesses
9) Patrol practices must be strengthened
10) most crimes are solved by witness or victims.

Front 9

Random Preventive Patrol

Back 9

- High Police Visability -> professionalism
- Rapid Response to calls -> Crime fighting Model.

Front 10

Kansas City Preventive Patrol

Back 10

- High police visability had no effect on crime.

Front 11

Qualities of a Detective

Back 11

1) Above Average memory and recall
2) rational thinking ability and reasoning.
3) technical knowledge (Constitutional) law, law of evidence.
4) knowledge of criminals modus operendi
5) working knowledge of social psychology.

Front 12

Evaluating detective performance

Back 12

1) number of open and closed cases
2) # of follow-up calls made.
3) # of citizen contacts.
4) # of arrests & convictions.
5) Use of informants.

Front 13

Evaluating Patrol

Back 13

1) level p/o self iniciating activity
2) time spent on task.
3) overall capacity of officer
4) work quantity
5) Work quality
6) work habits
7) Acceptance of responsibility
8) Ability to cope with change
9) interpersonal skills, how they relate to other people
10) quality of written and oral communication.

Front 14

Team Policing

Back 14

1) Geographic stability, same officers work the same area every day
2) Shift stability
3) Reduced stability

Front 15

Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment

Back 15

1972-1973 measured the impact of diffrent levels of patrol on criminal activity, community perceptions, police officer behavior and police department practices was the first to experiment the test of the effectiveness of patrol that met the minimum standards of scientific research.

Front 16

Residual Deterrence

Back 16

Involves assuming the police are patroling an area from having seen them at another time or place leading to the presumption that the police are present when there is no patrol in the area.

Front 17

Order Matinence

Back 17

Police intervention in incidents that do not involve criminal activity but often entail interpersonal conflict or public nuisance.

Front 18

Clearance Rates

Back 18

The traditional mesasure of sucess in a criminal investigation for a police agency based on the percentage of crimes solved by arrest.

Front 19

Staff Functions

Back 19

1) provide expert advice to line personel.
2) relieve line managers from performing technical tasks.
3) achieve departmental wide conformity w/ Practices.
4) reduce/eliminate special problems.

Front 20

Rand analysis findings:

Back 20

- studied what dectives do on a local level.
- 125 PD's.
1) most detective work is clarical.
2) clearance and arrests rates were not accurate measures of po effectiveness.
3) most crimes no need 4 a follow up investigation.
4) Police departments cannot process physical evidence.
5) Police officers fail to document evidence
6) Crime victims want to be informed.

Front 21

Equal employment opportunity index

Back 21

Measures the extent at which A police department reflects the community it serves.

Front 22

Field Training Officer

Back 22

An experience officer assigned to supervise recruits during field training.

Front 23

Kansas City Response time experiment

Back 23

1) Chance of police officer making the scene arrest is zero after 3 minutes
2) Average citizen takes 8 minutes to call the police.

Front 24

Title VII of the civil rights act of 1964

Back 24

Says that it is unlawful of an empoloyer not to hire an applicant based on race, religion, sex or natural origin.

Front 25

Bonafide Occupation qualifications

Back 25

Departments can refuse to hire an applicant who does not posses the right qualifications.

Front 26

Patrol Function

Back 26

1) 70% of all police personnel are on patrol.
Basic Responsibilities:
1) Preventive Patrol -> High visability crime prevention.
2) Crime prevention.
3) Respond to calls for service.
4) Conduct preliminary investigations.
5) traffic control
6) enforce business regulations.
7) Perserve social order.
8) Provide emergency services.
9) Develop relationship w/ Civilians.
10) furnish into other agencies.

Front 27

William Muir

Back 27

1) Enforcer - Crime and control; Strict enforcement.
2) Recipriator -> Mutually accepted solutions.
3) Avoid-er -> Avoids responsibility
4) Professional -> Combines law enforcement and verbal skills

Front 28

Field Training Officer

Back 28

An experienced officer assigned to supervise recruits during field training.

Front 29

Kansas City Response time experiment

Back 29

Chance of p/o making the scene arrest is zero after 3 minutes.
avg citizen takes 8 minutes to call police.

Front 30

Strategic Policing

Back 30

1. Use of decoys
2. Stings
3. Crackdown -> specific crime specific area.

Front 31

Foot patrol

Back 31

- Good for police community relations
- Limited mobility
- Limited equipment
- higher level of police satisfaction

Front 32

John Broderick

Back 32

1) enforcer -> high value on law enforcement low value on individual rights.
2) realist -> low value on social order and individual rights.
3) Idealist -> put high value on individual rights But has a low job satisfaction.
4) Optimist -> High value on individual rights low value on law enforcement.

Front 33

William Muir

Back 33

1) enforcer -> Crime and control; strict enforcement.
2) recipritator -> Mutually accepted solutions.
3) Avoider -> Avoids responsibility
4) Professional -> Combines law enforcement and verbal skills.

Front 34

Patrol function

Back 34

70% of all police personell are on patrol
Basic responsibilities:
1) Preventive patrol -> high visability, crime prevention.
2) crime prevention
3) Respond to calls for service.
4) conduce preliminary investigation.
5) traffic control
6) enforce business regulations.
7) preserve social order
8) provide emergency services.
9) develop relationships w/ civilians.
10) furnish into other agencies.

Front 35

Bonafide occupational qualifications

Back 35

Departments can refuse to hire an applicant who does not posess the right qualifications.

Front 36

James Q Wilson

Back 36

Watchman Style -> emphasis on security and enforcing minor law enforcement.
Legalistic -> Strict law enforcement and use of force.
Service -> Emphasis on order and matienece, always looking for alternatives to arrests.

Front 37

Title VII of civil rights act of 1964

Back 37

Says that it is unlawful of an employer to not hire an applicant based on race, color, religion, sex, or natural origin.

Front 38

1 Vs 2 Person car

Back 38

1 Person car:
- Much more economical
- Makes more arrests
- Spend more time on patrol
- more cautious

2 Person:
- more p/o killed
- false sense of security.

Front 39

Omission

Back 39

Failure to act when legally obligated to act.

Front 40

Specialized training

Back 40

1) Criminal Investigation
2) narcotics investigation
3) finger print training
4) hazmat
5) Bias incident
6) spanish

Front 41

Purpose of training

Back 41

1) Orient a person to a new job.
2) Indoctrinate the individual into the goals of the police department.
3) Give the individual the goals and tools needed for the job.
4) Standardize practices.
5) Build confidence.
6) Improve moral
7) Improve Safety

Front 42

Police Academy

Back 42

1) Criminal Law
2) Constitutional law
3) Cover the rules of evidence
4) Ethics
5) Patrol Practices
6) Traffic enforcement
7) self defense / use of force
8) physical fitness

Front 43

Newark foot patrol experiment

Back 43

Conducted from 1978-79 to test the effect of foot patrol on crime and public perception; it concluded that foot patrol did not have an affect on serious crime but had a positive perception from citizens.

Front 44

Minneapolis Domestic Violence Study

Back 44

Study conducted from 1981-82 to determine the relative deterrent effect of arrest, mediation, and separation in misdemeanor domestic violence incidents; arrest produce lower rates of repeat violence than separation or mediation.

Front 45

Containment

Back 45

A strategy used by the police to confine the homeless problem to one area of a community to both minimize disorder and keep homeless people out of the public view.

Front 46

Lautenburg amendment

Back 46

A federal law passed in 1996 prohibiting anyone with a conviction of domestic violence from owning a firearm.

Front 47

Reality Shock

Back 47

The astonishment of a new p/o when they experience the unpleasant aspects of dealing with the public, and the criminal justice system. Also the PD during the first wks and mnths of a job.

Front 48

Code of silence

Back 48

Officers refuse to testify agianst collegaues which creates a veil of secrecy around police actions.

Front 49

Cohort effect

Back 49

Officers hired in one decade have diffrent ideas/ lifestyles than officers in later decades.

Front 50

Lateral Entry

Back 50

Moving from on P.d. to another at the same rank or a higher one.

Front 51

Residency requirements

Back 51

Requires a Police officer to live in the community they work.

Front 52

Counterpunching

Back 52

Occurs when someone calls the police about another person to divert the attention away from their behavior.