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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is domestic violence? |
any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between intimate partners of family |
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How old do you have to be for it to be seen as domestic violence? |
16 |
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What are the main types of abuse? |
psychological, physical, sexual, financial and emotional |
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Who are the victims? Is it gender and or culturally specific? |
proportionally higher for women to be the victims, but anyone can be the victim of d.v. |
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Why does domestic violence happen? |
comesfrom the users desire of power and control over family members (although eachsituation is unique) |
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What are the signs of domestic violence? |
Beating someone up, threatening someone, verbal abuse, pressure tactics – taking thingsaway unless you comply with perpetrators demands, not listening or respondingto you. |
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Is domestic violence a crime? |
no single charge - harassment and assault are different to verbal abuse; emotional abuse is not a criminal offence but has long term effects on victim |
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Historical attitude towards D.V? |
'non-involvement' from police, reluctant to intervene, v. much a private family matter, Woman seen as inferior to men; financially, politically, physically inferior, rape within marriage was not seen as a crime; was not reported, hard to leave a relationship – man could legally hunt her down |
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Is domestic violence still a prob. in 2000s NZ? |
- Protection order breaches - Barriersto escape - Immigrantwomen’s issues - Tolerancefor violence - Supportagencies - Research - Taskforcefor Action on Violence within Families - ‘It’s not okay’ campaigns - TheWhite Ribbon Campaign |
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Policing DV: How does the responding officer act? |
responding to victims of d.v., response officer needs to further protect victim from harm, gain their trust and confidence plus assess the level of risk hey face in order to keep them safe in the further, can be complex |
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What is the traditional approach to D.V? |
women subordinate to me, v. private, non-involvement from the police. women faced disadvantages and so, a domestic incident was not regarded as a responsibility of the state rather a private matter to be solved between man and wife |
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What is the crisis-intervention approach? |
emphasis on counselling and mediation; police to act as mediators and promote reconciliation w arrest as a last resort. criticised for not viewing DV as a crime and using police officers as mediators w little knowledge |
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What is the arrest method? |
reflects development of pro-arrest and mandatory arrest policies in police responses. move to criminalising dv and limiting police discretion |
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What was the feminist influence on the pro-arrest policy? |
members of fem. movements concerned that police discretion on whether to arrest a male offender was compromised by systemic and personal bias in favour of men. misogynistic attitudes of police left women victims feeling violated. promoted pro-arrest policies that included less discrimination and encouraged CJS to take DV more seriously |
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What was the effect the CJS played on the pro-arrest policy? |
police authorities began to qu the effectiveness of mediation and instigated more legal sanctions to deal w family violence, criminalisation process and legal interventions such as pro-arrest policies would act as a deterrent. process influenced by external pressures |
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Does the pro-arrest policy increase the number of arrests? |
higher numbers of arrests made in certain areas rather than in 'less-criminal areas', dual arrests (mutual blaming ends up in two arrests), policy is gendered (v. narrow scope), |
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What do family violence courts do? |
- Gettingoffenders to take responsibility for their actions and how they affect otherpeople - Promoting victim safety - Makingsure that those affected by FV can get the right support and information - Reducingthe time it takes for family violence courts to be heardEveryone has to help deal with this |
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Challenges to DV policing |
- domestic abuse incidents are sensitive and personal (may involve other issues such as child welfare) - fearful victims may be unable to support police action or co-op w police in aftermath - both parties may claim to be the vic, police use all info to assess the sit - response officers have varied levels of skills + experience - often under pressure to deal w incidents fast so they're available - require dif levels of empathy and emotion - officers carry personal views which impact their approach |
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Is modern method of DV effective? |
- serial offending (ppl that commit dv are reoffenders and not enough resources are implemented to stop this) - poor attitudes (towards police: no systems in police to prepare emergency units, cop culture effects practice) - police don't take it seriously "second class crime" |
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Recommendations from HMIC Report |
1. national oversight + monitoring group 2. police force should est and publish action plan w dets about steps needed to improve dv 3. commissioners should review forces' stated priority on dv 4. data - consistent, comparable and accurate 5. review of sufficiency and effect of training and development on response to dv 6. requires review of orgs and services that work together to prevent dv |
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Clare's Law |
clare strangled by boyf, called police several months before, let down 2009 dv disclosure scheme: 'right to ask' and 'right to know' two stages: 1. police have reasonable grounds for believing that a perp has use or threatened violence towards vic and vic is at risk, can issue a domestic violence protection notice 2. magistrates court must then hear case for the protection order w/in 48hrs, if granted can be implemented between 14 and 28 days |
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Things to think about w/in DV |
- policing dv - does gender matter - same sex dv - dv w/in police - rise in tech - will it effect policing of dv? |
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