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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gerrymandering |
Redrawing of district lines to benefit one party |
Virginia biased re-draw |
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Malapportionment |
Redraw with more people in one district than another. |
Scrunch one political party together |
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Incumbency Advantage |
Your previous experience in office makes it more likely for a candidate to get re-elected over a new person. |
Experience |
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Split ticket vote |
Voting for candidates of different parties for different offices. |
Candidate- centered politics |
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Status quote bias |
Congress bias to keep bills that are already law in place. |
Pre-exsisting |
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Quorum |
Minimum number of senator or house members needed for a vote to take place. |
Can benefit or hurt depending on intention. |
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Standing committee |
Permanent committee |
Budgetary Rules |
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Conference committee |
Temporary committee, when House and Senate need to vote on a compromise bill |
Short term |
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Party leadership position |
House: 1. Speaker of the House 2. Majority Leader 3. Minority Leader
Senate: 1. Majority Leader 2. Minority Leader |
Ranking of leaders |
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Bill creation process |
1. Presented 2. Goes to Committee (House goes to rules committee) 3. Floor 4. Goes to Opposite Legislative Branch 5. Conference 6. Return to both 7. President signing or not signing (Congressional Override) |
Steps |
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Veto Override |
2/3 of both Senate and House have to agree to pass a bill. Overrides a presidential veto. |
Power of House and Senate |
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Filibuster |
Long speech to prevent vote |
Prevent vote |
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Cloture |
60 votes to pass cloture, ends a Filibuster. |
Ends a filibuster |
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Open rule |
Can introduce amendments and vote as much as you want. |
Adjustments |
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Closed Rule |
No amendments and a limited amount of votes. |
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Restricted |
Limited amendments only for select amendments. |
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Constitutional power of congress |
Tax, declare war, ratify treaties. |
Abilities of congress |
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Electoral College |
Electors appointed by party. Do the job of voting for president and Vice President, the people show what they want to from their electors. |
The system |
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Presidential Power and Roles |
Negotiate treaties, administration of government, bureaucracy lies under presidency, and the State of the Union. |
Abilities |
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Institutionalized |
(After WW2) Presidency has now been more professional over time and the bureaucracy has shown growth. Presidency has become and institution. |
Growth |
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Brownlow report |
The president is more a CEO than a congress person. Professionalized. |
Preference |
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Veto |
President not signing a bill and making it law. |
Rejection |
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Pocket Veto |
Deciding not to vote on a bill during congress session. |
Postponed |
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Line Item Veto |
Illegal, adjustment to bill before signed. |
Illegal |
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Checks and Balances |
The Senate confirms cabinet and president selects them. |
Cabinet members |
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Executive order |
Rule put forth by president that becomes immediate law. |
Overreach |
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Spoil system |
Give jobs to friends and supporters. |
Prejudice |
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Pendleton Act |
Requires people to hire on merit. |
Work |
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Hatch Act |
Can’t use your power for agenda. Inappropriate use of power. |
Power |
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Civil service reform act |
Protection of whistle blowers against executive prosecution. Post water-gate, but doesn’t protect against spilling of Government secrets. |
Secrets |
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Bureaucratic culture |
A set of norms or behavior within the bureaucracy. Wants to maintain autonomy, civil servants more loyal to agency than presidency. |
Norms |
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Police patrol |
Actively monitoring the bureaucracy. |
Watching |
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Fire alarm |
Delegating monitoring of the bureaucracy to other agencies, that inform legislative when it necessary. |
Alert |
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Limitation riders |
Limitation on where funds can be spent. Congress adds amendments on appropriations bill dictating where funds can be spent |
Money |
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Legislative veto |
Override bureaucracy, legislative can not do a specific thing. Unconstitutional. |
Power of presidency |
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Iron triangle |
Mutual benefits from three parties: Congress Interest groups Bureaucracy |
Power sharing |
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Red tape |
Paperwork needed to get things done. Makes legislative slow moving. |
Slow |
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Writ of certiorari |
Requesting that the court order a lower case to send it the records of the trial in question. |
Accept of case |
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Rule of four |
Four justices must agree to review a case. |
Priority |
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Court packing plan |
Packing the court with more people, like increasing to 15 members. After this failed it change the structure of appointment and increased similar ideology, influenced judicial policy. |
More |
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Pyramid court system |
1. Supreme Court 2. Circuit Court of Appeals 3. District Court |
Order of powet |
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Amicus Curiae |
Brief requesting that a certiorari petition be granted or denied. Friend of the court |
Push |
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Attorney general |
Appointed by President, head of DOJ. Enforces rule of judicial. |
Support supreme and judicial law. |
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Solicitor General |
The defense attorney for federal government. |
Defense |
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Stare Decisis |
Precedent shaping decisions based on old case law. |
Old law |
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Judicial activism |
Changing case law going against start decisius. |
Movement |
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Judicial restraint |
Going with case law following precedent |
Maintain |
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Opinion |
Writing reasoning behind decision. |
Why |
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Majority |
Whatever the court believes and why |
Courts decision |
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Concurring |
I agree with majority but for a different reason. |
Other reason |
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Dissenting |
Voting against the majority and why |
Wrong |
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Senatorial courtesy |
Senators have a say in lower court judge appointment. Presidential selection is left to judgement of senators. |
Choice |
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Confirmation of supreme court |
The president nominates, the senate approves |
Support |
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Judicial review |
Not in the constitution, but it allows justices to review and amend cases depending on constitutionality. |
Overview |
