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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is federalism? |
The process of multiple governments sharing power over a country. |
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Constitutional authority is divided by between what governments in a federal structure? |
Authority is divided between a national government and regional governments. Citizens are members of two political communities. |
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Political scientists view federalism as means to what? |
Accommodating diversity while providing unity. |
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Canada’s federal constitution was a compromise to accommodate which province? Why? |
To accommodate Quebec; they insisted on a provincial role to protect French culture |
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Where did federalism originate from? |
The Constitution Act (1867) |
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The constitution act gave what to the federal government in terms of power sharing and federalism? |
It gave the federal government important legislative powers and sources of revenue. |
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Where was most of the authority related to managing the economy given to? |
Ottawa |
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The Constitution Act allowed for federal money transfers to be made to the provinces from where? |
From Ottawa |
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What are the two theories behind Canadian Federalism? |
The compact and contract theory. |
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What is the contract theory of federalism? |
A contract created by the provinces that agreed to give up certain powers to a national government in which they created |
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What is the compact theory of federalism? |
A compact (or “pact”) between French and English Canada |
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Quebec has a veto over any constitutional change that affects what two things? |
1) the federal distribution of powers and 2) the relative weight of Quebec in the parliament and SCC. |
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Quebec’s rights to veto fall under which theory of federalism? |
The compact theory |
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The 1981 Supreme Court judgement on Patriation Reference rejected which of the two theories on Federalism? |
Compact theory |
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Contract theory means what? |
1)All provinces have the right to veto constitutional changes that affect division of powers, 2) each province has equal representation in the senate, and 3) Ottawa cannot unilaterally form the senate |
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The heart of the federal division of powers is set in which two sections of the BNA/Constitution Act (1867)? |
Sections 91 & 92 |
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The federal government’s spending power allows for what? |
Ottawa can spend billions of dollars in areas of provincial and municipal jurisdiction |
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What did they mean by implying POGG (peace, order, and good government)? |
Courts narrowly interpret the federal government’s authority to make laws for POGG |
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What did the JCPC try hard to protect? |
Provincial jurisdiction |
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What is secession? |
The action of formally withdrawing from membership of a federation |
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What was the 1998 Supreme Court ruling on secession about? |
To question whether or not it was legal for Quebec to pull out of Canada. (Unilateral secession was deemed not legal) |
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What did Quebec want from Canada in terms of Federalism? |
Wanted constitutional recognition as a distinct society |
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What agreement was created in order to give Quebec recognition as a “distinct society”? |
Meech Lake Accord |
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At Confederation, Quebec was what? |
The second most populated province and the biggest financial and commercial hub |
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The 1960’s was known as what era in terms of Federalism? |
The “Quiet Revolution” |
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Who became popular during the Quiet Revolution and why? |
Rene Levesque because he brought together all of the major groups that wanted political independence of Quebec. |
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What did the Liberals under Jean Chrétien do? |
Established Quebec as a distinct society and granting veto over constitutional changes. |
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What is the Canada Assistance Plan? |
A plan to finance welfare and provincial social services. It was then changed to “Canada Health and Social Transfer” |
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What is the Canada Assistance Plan? |
A plan to finance welfare and provincial social services. It was then changed to “Canada Health and Social Transfer” |
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What are Canada’s peripheries? |
The 8 provinces surrounding Ontario and Quebec |
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What is the Canada Assistance Plan? |
A plan to finance welfare and provincial social services. It was then changed to “Canada Health and Social Transfer” |
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What are Canada’s peripheries? |
The 8 provinces surrounding Ontario and Quebec |
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What is executive federalism? |
The term applied to high-level relations between federal and provincial ministers and bureaucrats |
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What are the two biggest political parties? |
Conservatives and Liberals |
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What are the two biggest political parties? |
Conservatives and Liberals |
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Conservatives are most dominant in what region? |
The west |
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What are the two biggest political parties? |
Conservatives and Liberals |
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Conservatives are most dominant in what region? |
The west |
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The reform party/ Canadian alliance party is established mainly in ____________ since 1993. |
The west |
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What does the term “Western Alienation” mean? |
The grievances between the West and East have intensified since the 1970’s. |
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What does the term “Western Alienation” mean? |
The grievances between the West and East have intensified since the 1970’s. |
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What was the opinion that the west had toward Ottawa in terms of economics? |
Ottawa treated the western resources differently than Ontario and Quebec. |
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What does the term “Western Alienation” mean? |
The grievances between the West and East have intensified since the 1970’s. |
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What was the opinion that the west had toward Ottawa in terms of economics? |
Ottawa treated the western resources differently than Ontario and Quebec. |
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What is intra-state federalism? |
Managing differences between federal policies and institutions. |
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What does the term “Western Alienation” mean? |
Refers to a sense that the public realm belongs to the citizens and elites of central Canada; sparking the reform party slogan “The West wants in” |
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What was the opinion that the west had toward Ottawa in terms of economics? |
Ottawa treated the western resources differently than Ontario and Quebec. |
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What is intra-state federalism? |
Managing differences between federal policies and institutions. |
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What is inter-state federalism? |
Managing differences between the different levels of government |
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Federal economic policies have tended to favour which part of Canada? |
Central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) |
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Federal economic policies have tended to favour which part of Canada? P |
Central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) |
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What are the three factors of why economic policies have favoured Central Canada? |
Tariffs, Terms of Entry, and National Energy Program |
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What is the goal of populism? |
To return the power to the people |
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What is the goal of populism? |
To return the power to the people |
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How does populism seek to the return power to the people? |
To see elected politicians serve the people who elected them instead of the party, and favours referendums, recall votes, and plebiscites. |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of political culture? |
Characteristic values, beliefs and behaviours of a society’s members in regard to politics |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of political culture? |
Characteristic values, beliefs and behaviours of a society’s members in regard to politics |
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What is classical liberalism? |
Associated with freedom of religion, free enterprise and free trade and freedom of political expression. |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of political culture? |
Characteristic values, beliefs and behaviours of a society’s members in regard to politics |
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What is classical liberalism? |
Associated with freedom of religion, free enterprise and free trade and freedom of political expression. |
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What is classical conservatism? |
Based on tradition, the preservation of law and order, and the acceptance of human inequality as part of the natural order. |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of political culture? |
Characteristic values, beliefs and behaviours of a society’s members in regard to politics |
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What is classical liberalism? |
Associated with freedom of religion, free enterprise and free trade and freedom of political expression. |
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What is classical conservatism? |
Based on tradition, the preservation of law and order, and the acceptance of human inequality as part of the natural order. |
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What is classical socialism? |
Based on egalitarianism, a greater role for the state in directing the economy, better working conditions and labour rights and reforms like public health care, unemployment insurance and public pensions. |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of political culture? |
Characteristic values, beliefs and behaviours of a society’s members in regard to politics |
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What is classical liberalism? |
Associated with freedom of religion, free enterprise and free trade and freedom of political expression. |
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What is classical conservatism? |
Based on tradition, the preservation of law and order, and the acceptance of human inequality as part of the natural order. |
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What is classical socialism? |
Based on egalitarianism, a greater role for the state in directing the economy, better working conditions and labour rights and reforms like public health care, unemployment insurance and public pensions. |
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Catholicism was believed to have been brought back by who? |
Immigrants to French-Canada |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of political culture? |
Characteristic values, beliefs and behaviours of a society’s members in regard to politics |
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What is classical liberalism? |
Associated with freedom of religion, free enterprise and free trade and freedom of political expression. |
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What is classical conservatism? |
Based on tradition, the preservation of law and order, and the acceptance of human inequality as part of the natural order. |
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What is classical socialism? |
Based on egalitarianism, a greater role for the state in directing the economy, better working conditions and labour rights and reforms like public health care, unemployment insurance and public pensions. |
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Catholicism was believed to have been brought back by who? |
Immigrants to French-Canada |
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English Canada was believed to have been populated by who? |
Loyalist immigrants from the US. Brought relatively liberal political beliefs |
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What is the definition of ideology? |
A set of interrelated beliefs about how a society is organized and how it should function |
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What is the definition of political culture? |
Characteristic values, beliefs and behaviours of a society’s members in regard to politics |
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What is classical liberalism? |
Associated with freedom of religion, free enterprise and free trade and freedom of political expression. |
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What is classical conservatism? |
Based on tradition, the preservation of law and order, and the acceptance of human inequality as part of the natural order. |
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What is classical socialism? |
Based on egalitarianism, a greater role for the state in directing the economy, better working conditions and labour rights and reforms like public health care, unemployment insurance and public pensions. |
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Catholicism was believed to have been brought back by who? |
Immigrants to French-Canada |
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English Canada was believed to have been populated by who? |
Loyalist immigrants from the US. Brought relatively liberal political beliefs |
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What is secularization? |
A decline in belief in religion as a source of guidance on behaviour |
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What are political parties? |
Organizations that offer slates of candidates to voters at election time |
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What do political parties do? |
Recruit party candidates, raise money, develop policies and solicit voters |
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The Liberal Conservatives were led by who? |
John A Macdonald and George Cartier |
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What is patronage? (Described during the origins of political parties) |
When votes are exchanged for political favours. (Ex, jobs, public office, contracts, subsidiaries) |
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Why would the liberals and conservatives downplay their differences in terms of brokerage politics? |
In order to appeal to the broadest voter base possible. |
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Why would the liberals and conservatives downplay their differences in terms of brokerage politics? |
In order to appeal to the broadest voter base possible. |
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What age brokerage politics? |
Flexible, non-ideologic party systems |
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What do brokerage politics argue about the two dominant parties? |
They lack cohesive ideological visions and do not appeal to specific socio-economic groupings |
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What do brokerage politics argue about the two dominant parties? |
They lack cohesive ideological visions and do not appeal to specific socio-economic groupings |
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What do realignment elections do? |
They produce a durable change in the parties’s basis of support |
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There are no ___________ rules in the constitution for selecting____________? |
Written rUles; political party leaders |
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What did the Reform Party introduce when criticism that party convention model was elitist was growing? |
Direct vote of all party members. By 2013, all parties adopted this model |
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When did brokerage politics end? |
1993 |
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What happened in the 1997 election? |
Replay of 1993 |
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What is communitarianism |
The belief that community identities are essential to human dignity and democracy |
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What is communitarianism |
The belief that community identities are essential to human dignity and democracy |
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What Act was created to give status to First Nations people? |
Indian Act 1876 |
