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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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provides the basic principles that define the conduct of its political affairs
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constitution
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3 fundamental aspects that makes up the government
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structure, functions, procedures
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the institutions and mechanisms that constitute framework of govt
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structure of govt
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the powers and responsibilities that rest in the public rather than the private sphere
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functions of govt
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the manner in which govt carries out the powers and responsibilities entrusted to it
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procedures of govt
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lays the foundation of American constitutional theory
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Declaration of Independence
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Based on the concept of natural rights
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Dec of Indep
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"all men are created equal" "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"
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Dec of Indep
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which philosopher has statements rejecting this theory
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Thomas Hobbes
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served as the first constitution of the US
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Articles of Confederation
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when was the articles of confederation drafted
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june 1776
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The articles of confed established a national govt consisting of what kind of legislature?
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Unicameral (one house)
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under what document were the gov'ts powers limited in terms of raising an army, entering into treaties, levying taxes and regulating foreign commerce?
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The Articles of Confed
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Why was the idea of a centralized govt such a bad thing?
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It seemed to neglect the idea of democracy and popular soverignty
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group of ppl who supported the adoption of the Constitution and favored a stronger national govt
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federalists
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group of ppl who opposed a stronger national govt than existed under the Articles of Confederation and opposed the constitution
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Anti-federalists
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were people who were not dependent on trade for their livelihoods
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federalists
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T or F: federalists tended to be wealthier and better educated. Anti-federalists tended to be lower class
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True
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what were the 2 events that enabled the federalists to act on their desires for a stronger national govt
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Meeting at Annapolis to discuss problems of interstate trade; shay's rebellion
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the outbreak of a revolt of farmers in MA who wouldn't give up their property for refusing to pay taxes and debts
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shays rebellion
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who was named as the presiding officer to the constitutional convention (which was the convention dedicated to revising the constitution)
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George Washington
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T or F: Anti-federalists didnt show up to the constitutional convention
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True
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T or F: The constitutional convention ended up reworking the Articles of Confederaton
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False: they began drafting a blueprint for a new govt
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the first major proposal presented to the convention which formed the basis for the constitution
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Virgina plan
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who came up with the virgina plan?
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James Madison
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two men ranking in importance below james madison
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James Wilson and Gouverneur Morris
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Main dilemma at the convention.
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How to achieve this goal of a stronger national govt. (without turning into dictatorship)
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Which plan called for a bicameral legislature (elected lower and upper house nominated by state legislatures)
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Virgina plan
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Proposed a one-house legislature with equal state representation, which favored small states
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New Jersey plan
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proposed a two-house legislature, with a house of representation (based on population) and a senate, representing states on an equal basis
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Connecticut Compromise/ Great Compromise
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primary national responsibility under the articles
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National defense
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9 of 13 states
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Super majority
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four states crucial to the ratification of the constitution
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new york, virgina, massachusetts, pennsylvania
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a series of 85 political essays with the intent of persuading new yorkers to ratify the proposed constitution
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federalist papers
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who wrote the federalist papers
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james madison, alexander hamilton, and john jay
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the individuals right to choose reasonable goals and exercise the means to reach those goals
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liberty (madison)
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a number of citizens who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interests of the community
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faction
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the problem of limiting self interested individuals administering stronger governmental powers from using those powers to destroy the freedoms that the govt is sposed to protect
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Madisonian dilemma (ex: rich exploiting the poor)
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Republican form of govt
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representative government
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2 goals of republican govt
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create a govt that governs with the consent of the governed. limits tyrannical majority from abusing power
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__ makes the laws __implements them and __ interprets them
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leg, exec, judic
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each branch of govt is supposed to carry out a certain role
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separation of powers/separation of processes
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one branch can assert and protect its own rights by withholding its support for the essential activities of another
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check and balance
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the group of people served by an elected official or branch of govt
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constituency
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The division of powers between the national govt and the states
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Federalism
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the idea that govt should represent both property and number of people
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mixed govt
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who was meant to represent the interests of the common people
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house of representatives
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how to change the constitution
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by adding formal amendments
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2 stages for adding amendments
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1. proposal 2. ratification
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first 10 amendments
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bill of rights
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proposing amendments requires what consensus
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2/3 votes by congress/states (34)
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ratification requires what consensus
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3/4 of states (38)
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2 ways for states to ratify
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votes of state legislature, or conventions held in the states
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only amendment held by a state convention
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21st amendment (repealing prohibition)
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who was most responsible for the first 10 amendments?
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anti-federalists
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protecting indiviuals against arbitrary government action
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civil liberties
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how many amendments are there
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27
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which amendment required the most time for ratification
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congressional salaries
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constitutional change that occurs when the practices and institutions of govt not specifically mentioned in the constitution change over time through use and evolution
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custom and usage
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T or F: political parties are an example of custom and usage
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True
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what are the 3 types of powers
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enumerated, implied, and inherent
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powers explicitly granted to govt or a particular institution ex: to declare war
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enumerated powers
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powers not formally specified by the constitution
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implied powers
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powers essential to the functioning of govt or a particular office (ex: prevention of terrorist attacks)
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inherent powers
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the right of the president to withhold information on matters of national sensitivity or personal privacy
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Executive privilege
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the power of courts to declare the acts and actions of legislatures and executives unconstitutional
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judicial review
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what were the 2 concerns that the founders of the constitution faced
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national unity and protection of private property
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