Poli-Sci Chapter 1-4 Test Stuff

Front 1

Definition of Government

Back 1

Institutions and procedures through which a land is ruled

Front 2

Politics

Back 2

"Who gets what, when, where, and how."

Authoritative allocation of scarce resources.

Front 3

Autocracy

Back 3

One ruler (King/Dictator)

Front 4

Oligarchy

Back 4

Ruling group of elites

Front 5

Democracy

Back 5

Citizens elect public officials

Front 6

Constitutional Government

Back 6

Formal and effective limits are placed on government powers. Substantive and procedural limits.

Front 7

Authoritarian

Back 7

Government recognizes no formal limits but may still be restrained by institutions

Front 8

Totalitarian

Back 8

Government recognizes absolutely no limits on power

Front 9

Instrumental

Back 9

Done with purpose, sometimes with forethought, and even with calculation

Front 10

Decisiveness rules

Back 10

Specify when votes may be taken and the sequence in which votes may occur, also how many votes are necessary

Front 11

Delegation

Back 11

The transmission of authority to some other official

Front 12

Principal-agent relationship

Back 12

Principal delegates to agent, both benefit

Front 13

Collective Action

Back 13

The pooling of resources and the coordination of effort and activity by a group of people

Front 14

Free Riding

Back 14

Enjoying benefits while others bear the cost

Front 15

Tragedy of the Commons

Back 15

The idea that a common access facility, owned by no one because it is available to everyone, will be overused

Front 16

Virginia Plan

Back 16

Favored larger states, representation based on population

Front 17

New Jersey Plan

Back 17

Favored smaller states, representation equal regardless of a states size

Front 18

Connecticut Plan

Back 18

Created senate with representation equal for all states, and house (main power) with representation based on population. Emphasized separation of powers.

Front 19

Executive Branch

Back 19

Head of government and head of state

Front 20

Judiciary branch

Back 20

Ensured other branches behaved constitutionally

Front 21

Legislative Branch

Back 21

Senate and house, representation of states

Front 22

Bicameralism

Back 22

Two chamber, legislative branch is

Front 23

Articles of Confederation

Back 23

An agreement among original states, provided a loose federal government before the present constitution went into effect

Front 24

Why where the articles of confederation weak?

Back 24

No budget, weak central government, no standing army only state militia

Front 25

Expressed Powers

Back 25

Powers mentioned in the constitution that are granted to the federal government

Front 26

Implied Powers

Back 26

Powers implied by the constitution, not specifically mentioned

Front 27

Necessary and Proper Clause

Back 27

Article I, section 8, of the Constitution, which enumerated the powers of Congress and provides Congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry them out; also referred to as the elastic clause

Front 28

Judicial Review

Back 28

The power of the courts to declare actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional

Front 29

Supremacy Clause

Back 29

All laws passed by the national government and all treaties are the supreme laws of the land and superior to all laws adopted by any state or any subdivision (Federal law overrides state law)

Front 30

Federalism

Back 30

Territorial division of power between states and and federal government

Front 31

Sovereignty

Back 31

States are self–governing

Front 32

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Back 32

States must respect each others laws, immunities, and privelages

Front 33

Interstate Commerce

Back 33

Trade between states

Front 34

Funded Mandate

Back 34

Government assisted demands/requests

Front 35

Unfunded Mandate

Back 35

Government demand/request, no assistance provided

Front 36

Dual Federalism

Back 36

State and federal governments are structured similarly

Front 37

Categorical Grant

Back 37

Gov grant money for specific purpose

Front 38

Block Grant

Back 38

Gov grant, any purpose

Front 39

Civil Liberties

Back 39

Personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation without due process

Front 40

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 40

Decisions made about groups based off incorrect assumptions

Front 41

Miranda Rule

Back 41

Law enforcement officers must warn a person taken into custody of their rights

Front 42

Establishment Clause

Back 42

Prevents congress from passing legislation respecting an establishment of religion

Front 43

Lemon Test

Back 43

Secular Purpose
Neither enhance nor inhibit religion
It does not create excessive entanglement

Front 44

Speech Plus

Back 44

Speech accompanied by activities such as sit–ins, picketing, and demonstrations

Front 45

Libel

Back 45

Words written to harm reputation

Front 46

Slander

Back 46

Words spoken to harm reputation

Front 47

Exclusionary Rule

Back 47

Evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is not usable in court