Poli Sci 201 Test 1

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The ultimate right to enforce compliance with decisions

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Authority

Front 2

rightful and entitled to compliance and obedience on the part of citizens.

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Legitimacy

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a system in which political authority is vested in the people

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Democracy

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the greatest freedom of individuals that is consistent with the freedom of other individuals in the society

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Liberty

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set of beliefs that maintains that government should improve people’s lives, support civil rights, and tolerate social change.
-Favor governmental regulation of the economy in order to promote the standard of living for individuals in the society.

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liberalism

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set of beliefs that maintain that government should have a limit role in helping people, support for traditional values and lifestyles, and a cautious response to change.
-Favor limited government involvement in the economic sector. Economic freedom is seen as a necessity for the good of society

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conservatism

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-Enumerates colonies grievances with Britain.
-Delineates people’s natural rights of life, liberty, equality, and consent of the governed.

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Declaration of Independence

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1777.


• The confederation was a voluntary association of independent states.
• While these articles were proposed in 1776, it wasn’t until late in 1777 that the 2nd continental congress agreed to a draft of them, and it was March, 1781 that the last state agreed to sign.
• Thirteen states established a government consisting of a Congress of the Confederation.
• A unicameral (one-body) legislature in which each state had a single vote.
• Weaknesses of the Articles
-Could not collect revenue from the states.
-Could not raise an army
-Amendments to the Articles required unanimous consent of Congress.
-Did not establish a national court system.
-No executive to administer the government.
-No authority to regulate commerce.
• Accomplishments Under the Articles
-Settled land disputes among the states over western lands.
-Passed the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 that established government for new territories.
-Could declare war and conduct foreign policy.
-Opportunity to try out some of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence.

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Articles of Confederation

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a group of farmers led by Daniel Shay began a riot.
• Showed that the central government had no authority to developed a strong government

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Shay's Rebellion

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• Bicameral (two-chamber) legislature in which the number of representatives would be proportional to the state’s population.
• National executive, elected by the Legislature for a single term
• Nation judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court, appointed by the Legislature
• A council of Revision, that could veto acts of the legislature
• The national government would have the power to override state laws.

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Virginia Plan

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1819 Maryland said that the 2nd national bank needed to pay taxes. Mccullough didnt pay the taw and mary sued.McCullogh took it to supreme court

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McCulloch vs. Maryland

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freedom of speech restriction. 1973
chief justice, warren burger created a formal list of requirements for material to be obscene

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Miller vs. California

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the principal of judicial review firest est. in the supreme court case. 1803
juicial review: power of supreme court or any court to hold alaw or other legal action unconstitional. courts larger power to review the activites of the other two brands of governemtn (checks and balances)

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Marbury vs. Madison

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1966
Ernesto Miranda
a person must be warned when he/she has the right to remain silent, can be use agaisnt him to attornery . never informed he could remain silent/right to be represented

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Miranda vs. Arizona

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1957
Bomb hiding out in Mapp's house, the police came and wanted to search the house, but then they got a warrant and they found the bomb. 4th amendment: unreasonable searches and seizures.

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Mapp vs. Ohio

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NY state board of regents say that prayer spolen aloud in the public schools. parents sued, argued it violated the establishment clause.

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Engel vs. Vitale

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Fundamental principle of the Articles of Confederations. congress would be able to regulate trade and impose taxes.

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New Jersey Plan

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an order issuded by a judge restricting the publication of news about a trial or a pretrial hearing to protect the accused right to a fair trial.

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Gag orders

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power of the states to make laws on all matters not prohibited by the constitution or delegated to the national gov't.
regulate commerce within their borders. provide for a state militia.

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Reserved Powers

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Consitution prohibits the national governtment. the power to impose taxes on good solds to other countries export

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Prohibited

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concept that ultimate political athurity is based on the will of the people.

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popular sovereignty

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Restraining an action before the activity has actually occured. When expression is involved, this means censorship.

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Prior restraint

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section of the Consitution requires states to recognize one another's laws and court decisions. it ensures that rights established under deeds, wills, contracts, and other civil matter in one state will be honored by other states.

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Full Faith and Credit Clause

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the view that most of the protections of the bill of rights apple to state government turns the 14th amendments due process

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Incorporation Theory

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comprehensive set of beliefs abort the nature of people and about the role of an institution or government.

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Ideology

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personal freesoms that are protected for all individuals. Civil liberties typically involve, restraining the government actions against individuals

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Civil Liberties

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direct democracy, legislature was composed of all the citizens.

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Athenian model of governments

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secular in aim, cannot have primary effect of advancing or inhibiting religion. must avoid an excessive government entanglement with religion.

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Lemon Test

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a judicial policy prohibiting the admission at trial of illegally seized evidence.

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exclusionary rule

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the authoritative allocation of values for a society.

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eastons definition of politics

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who gets what, when and how

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Lasswells definition of politics

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a centralized governmental system in which ultimate governmental authirty rests in the hands of the national or central government

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unitary system of government

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the constitutional provision that makes the constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws

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supremacy clause

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a requirement in federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules.

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federal mandates

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powers specifically granted to the national government by the consitiution. the first seventeen clauses of article 1, section 8, specify most of the enumerated powers of the national government.

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enumerated powers

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a model of federalism in which the states and the national government cooperate in solving problems

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cooperative federalism

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a system consisting of league of independent states, each having essentially soveriegn powers.

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confederal system of government

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powers held jointly by the national and state government

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concurrent powers

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the principle of diving governmental powers among different branches of government

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seperations of powers

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an individual who was in favor of the adoption of the us constitution and the creation of a federal union with a strong central government.

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federalists

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major principle of the american system of government whereby each branch of the government can check the actions of others.

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checks and balances

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a legistlature made up of 2 pts, called chambers. the us congress composed of the house of reps and the senate, is a bicameral legislature

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bicameral legislature

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an indiviudl that opposed the ratification of the new constitution in 1787. the Anti-federalist were opposed to a strong central government.

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Anti-federalists

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the right of all adults to vote for their representatives

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universal suffrage

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a form of government in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies, but in which the monarchy may be retired in a ceremorial rule.

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representative government

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patterned set of ideas, vaves, and ways of thinking about government and politics that characterizes a people.

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Political culture

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the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

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tenth Amendment

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right to remain silent, to a jury trial, to a public trial, and etc.

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defendants rights

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constituional convention or federal convertions. address problems usa was having with the Art of Confederation

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Philadelphia Convention

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one who favors giving a narrow conservative construction of a given document or instrument. one who favors a strict construction of the consitution of the united states.

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Strict Constructionists

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advocate of loose construction,one favoring a liberal construction of the constitution of the us to give broader powers to the federal government.

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loose constructionists

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set forth the idea of consent of the governed

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Mayflower Compact

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1774 in Philly . express grievance to the king

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First continental congress

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1775 establish an army and to attempt a settlement with parliament

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second continental Congress

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1607 british government gave the settlers of Jamestown them the full power and authority to make laws for the settlement.

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Jamestown settlement

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not mentioned explicity in the constitution, abortions "right to die" physician assisted suicide, USA patriot act

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Right to privacy

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise clause.

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First Amendment

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the provision of the first amendment guarenteeing the free exercise of religion.

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Free Exercise Clause

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An university cant use the establishment clause as a means for suppressing the speech of a publication, when it seeks to exercise its first amendment rights to freedom of the press.

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Rosenberger vs. university of Virginia

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part of the first amendment prohibiting the establishment of a church officially supported by the national government

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establishment clause

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a model of federalism that looks on national and state government as co-equal sovereign powers. neither the state government nor the national government should interfere in the others sphere.

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Dual federalism

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a legislature with only one legislatuve chamber, as opposed to a bicameral legislature, such as the U.S congress.

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unicameral legislature

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The section of the constitution in which congress is given the powers to regulate trade among the state and with foreign countries.

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Commerce Clause

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the power of the supreme court or any court to declare unconstitutional federal or state laws and other acts of government.

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Judicial Review

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the compromise between the new jersery and Virginia plans that created 1 chamber of the congress based on population and one chamber representing each state equally, called conneticut compromise.

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Great Compromise

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a political system in which states or regional government retain ultimate quthority except for those powers they expressly delegate to a central government.

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Confederation

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a basic principle of democracy asserting that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies.

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Majority Rule

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a government with powers that are limited either through a written documents or through widely shared beliefs.

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limited government

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power of the president derived from statements in the constitution. the laws be faithfully executed defined them practice rather than laws.

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inherent Powers

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to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this consitution in the government of the US or in any department or officer thereof

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implied powers

Front 71

coin money, conduct foreign relations, regulate interstate commerce. powers of national government

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expressed powers

Front 72

power is divided between the central government and regional or subdivisional governments

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federal system

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delegated powers of the national

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delegated powers

Front 74

1824
the federal commerce outranked a state law that had granted a monoply to one group of people.

ogden was employed under the monopoly

gibbons wanted to use NY waterways

State denied, gibbons sues ogden

extended definition of interstate commerce clause

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Gibbons vs. Ogden

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north and south became divided over issues with tariffs and slavery.

december 20, 1860 sc repealed its ratification of constitution and withdrew from the union.

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Civil War

Front 76

Gideon accused with breaking and theft

didnt have money for a lawyer

represented himself and lost

violated 14th amendment

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Gideon vs. Wainwright