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192 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the 8th amendment protects against?
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cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fine
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How many states have death penalty laws?
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36
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What are the two most recent states to abolish the death penalty?
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New York and New Jersey
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Where is the language of the 8th amendment is taken from?
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The English Bill of rights
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What is the goal of the 8th amendment and the english bill of rights?
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to prevent arbitrary and discriminatory penalties of a severe nature
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In what year did the supreme court rule that the 8th amendment did not apply to the states
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1892
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What statement from the 1958 supreme court decision gives the 8th amendment its current meaning?
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the evolving standards of decency of a maturing society
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From what standards does the 8th amendment draw its support?
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court rulings
laws public opinion jury decisions |
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Court rulings, laws, public opinion and jury decisions are used to help determine what?
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the existance of a national consensus
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In colonial times, the government was free to impose capital punishment for which 5 acts?
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denying the existance of god
cursing ones parents adultry witchcraft being a rebellious son |
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Why does the meaning of the 8th amendment change over time?
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because standards are apt to change
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According to a 2007 Gallup poll, what percentage of American's supported the use of death penalty for murder?
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69%, this is down from 80% in 1994
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What are the 5 recognized methods of execution?
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Lethal injection
Electrocution Lethal gas Firing squad Hanging |
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Lethal injection was introduced in waht year?
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1977
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Lethal injection was first adopted by which state?
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Oaklahoma
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Lethal injection was first used in which state?
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Texas
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Which of the 36 death penalty states is the only state that does not have lethal injection as its primary method of execution?
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Nebraska
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What is the only option for execution in Louisiana?
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Lethal injection
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What year did louisiana switch from the electric chair to lethal injection?
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1991
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Electrocution was introduced in what year?
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1888
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Electrocution is an alternate means of execution in how many states?
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9
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Lethal gas is an alternate means of execution in how many states?
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5
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Firing squad is an alternate means of execution in how many states?
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2
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Hanging is an alternate means of execution in how many states?
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2
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What was at issue in the case of Resweber vs. Francis?
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weather a person could be sentenced to death twice
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In the case of Resweber vs. Francis, Francis was charged with what crime?
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Mudering a St. Martinville Pharmacist
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In the case of Resweber vs. Francis, what was the jury make-up and what was he sentenced to?
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All white jury
death by electric chair |
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In the case of Resweber vs. Francis, what happened when they flipped the switch on the electric chair?
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He did not die
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In the case of Resweber vs. Francis, after Francis lived through the first executin, what happened?
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He was put back in jail and a second death warrant was issued
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In the case of Resweber vs. Francis, how did the supreme curt rule?
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they said that is was legal to be sentenced to death twice because he had only been tried once
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In refrence to the 8th amendment, cruel and unusual apply to what?
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the method not he suffering it causes
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What is signifigant in the case of Robinson vs. California?
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it is the first time that cruel and ubusual applied to the states
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What was the findings of the supreme court in the case of Robinson vs. California?
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it was unconstitutional to imprision someone because they were addicited to narcotics
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In the case of furman vs. Georgia, what was the supreme court's ruling?
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that capital punishment was a violation of the 8th amendment
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What happened in regards to the death penalty in the case of Furman vs. Georgia?
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it was suspended unitl a more precise set of laws could be draften by the states
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In the case of Furman vs. Georigia what problem did the supreme court have with the death penalty?
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it was attached to certain crimes but there was no set standards on how the death penalty would be chosen
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In the case of Furman vs. Georgia, the supreme court did not reject the death penalty , rather rejected what?
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the freakish nature of implementation of the death penalty
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What was signifigant about the supreme court ruling in Gregg vs. Georgia?
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It reinstated the death penalty in those states that re-wrote the statutes
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The re-written statutes that allowed ofr the reinstatement of the death penalty included what?
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aggravating and mitigating circumstances
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Do aggrivating circumstances work against the defendat or offset the defendants behavior?
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work against the defendants
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Do mitigating circumstances work against the defendat or offset the defendants behavior?
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offset the defendants behavior
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What are 4 examples of mitigating circumstances?
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no previous criminal history
mentally retarded mentally slow history of being abused as a child |
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Which case began the practice of bifurcated sentencing?
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Gregg vs. Georgia
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What are the two phases of bifurcated sentencing?
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1st phase-determines verdict
2nd phase- same jury determines the verdict |
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What happens if there are no mitigating circumstances in a death penalty case?
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When found guilty, the defendant automatically gets the death penalty
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Who gives the verdict in death penalty cases? In all other cases?
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jury
judge |
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Who was the first person to be executed after the death penalty was reinstated?
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Gary Gilmore
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In what state and how was Gary Gilmore executed?
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Utah, by firing squad
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What were Gary Gilmore's two execution options?
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Hanging and Firing Squad
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What crime did Gary Gilmore committ?
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murdered a shoe store manager and a hotel manager
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How was Gary Gilmore apprehended?
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He had parked in a convience store parking lot, after shooting himself in the hand, the store clerk radioed his liscense plate # in
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What were Gary Gilmore's last words?
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Let's do it
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In an execution by firing squad, 5 officers take a shot, how many have live amunition?
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4
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In what time frame was the death penalty suspended to hear a case involving the constitutionality of the lethal in jection cocktail?
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From Sept. 2007- April 2008
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Why has the death penality been put on hold in Louisiana since 2002.
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question about the training of the executioners and the mix of drugs used
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What did the 2008 supreme court decision say baout lethal injection?
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The drugs used were leagal in Kentucky and elsewhere
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What 3 drugs make up the leathal injection cocktai?
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sodium pentathol
pancrionium bromide potassium chloride |
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What does the sodium pentathal do?
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puts the inmate to sleep
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what does the pancrionium bromide do?
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renders the inmate unable to move
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What does the potassium chloride do?
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stops the heart
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What was determined in the 2008 case of Baze vs. Kees?
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that the lethal cocktail was allowed because there was not enough info for cruel and unusual to be determined
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Which court case made lethal injection legal in kentucky and elseware?
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Baze vs. Rees
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Which court case made it unconstitutional to execute the mentally insane?
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Ford vs. Wainwright
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Which court case made it unconstitutional to execute the severely retarded?
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Atkins vs. Virginia
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Which court case made it unconstitutional to execute juveniles under the age of 18?
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Roper vs. Simmons
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Because of the ruling in the case of roper vs. Simmons, how many juveniles had their sentences commuted?
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72
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Which court case ruled that it is cruel and unusual to punish the crime of rape of a child with the death penalty?
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Kennedy vs. Louisiana
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Who defined political parties based on activites?
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Leon Epstein
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Who said that a political party is any group, however loosely organized, seeking to elect office holders with a given label
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Leon Epstein
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Who defined political parties by ideology?
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Edmond Burke
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Who said a party is a body of men promoting their joint endeavors for some particular principal in which they are all agreed.
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Edmond Burke
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Who defined political parties according to structure?
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Maurice Duverger
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Who said a political party is a community with a particular structure?
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Maurice Duverger
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Who is the Canadian political scientist who developed a working defanition of a political party?
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Hugh Leblanc
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Who said a political party is an organized effort to win an elected office in order to gain political power and control policies of government
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Hugh Leblanc
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What was the name of the first political group?
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Patriots
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Which group of men formed to develop a stratagie after the stamp act was passed?
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The Patriots
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What was the first political party called?
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The Federalists
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Who was the leader of the Federalists?
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Alexander Hamilton
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Who made up the bulk of the supporters for the Federalists?
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merchants and businessmen
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Which group believed in a strong central government, the Federalist or the Democratic Republicans?
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Federalists
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What was the opposition party to the Federalists?
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Democratic Republicans
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Who was the leader of the Democratic Republicans?
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Thomas Jefferson
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What were the Democratic Republicans also called?
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The Jeffersonian Republicans
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Which group supported state's rights, The Federalists or the Democratic Republicans?
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The Democratic Republicans
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Who made up the bulk of the Democratic Republicans supporters?
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Individuals form the rural and farming communities
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What alliance helped Jefferson win the election of 1800?
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the alliance with the agricultrual community
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How many years did the Democratic Republican dominate the elections?
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20 years
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Who were the leaders of the Whigs?
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Henry Clay
& Daniel Webster |
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The Whig party absorbed the membership of which previous party?
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The Federalists
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Who was the leader of the Jacksonian Democrats?
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Andrew Jackson
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The Jacksonian Democrats absorbed the membership of which previous political party?
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Te Democratic Republicans
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The Jacksonian Democrats eventually evolved into which party?
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The Democratic Party
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Jackson would bypass the appointment powers of the legislature and use what, in order to give the people more power?
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Power of Patronage
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What is patronage?
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the awarding of political positions based on personal relations and friendships
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Why did Jackson believe in the system of Patronage?
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He did not feel like political parties were represenative of the people
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Why did the donkey emerge as the democratic symbol during Jackson's run for the presidency?
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people called him a jackass for wanting to get the people involved in ruling
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What was the jump in participation in elections from before Jackson's election to after?
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30% to 50%
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Did the democratic party ever offically adopt the donkey as their symbol?
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No
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Which two groups gained together to form the republican party?
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the anti-slavery whigs and the anti-slavery democrats
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what was the purpose of the Kansas-Nebraska act?
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extend slavery into the western territories
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How did the elephant emerge as the Republican Party symbol?
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It was used by a political cartoonist
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What are political parties role for the voter?
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simplify electoral choices
serve as a brand name help identify view points |
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Which class of people does the democratic party represent?
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The working class
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Which class of people does the republican party represent?
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The business class
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What is the political party's role for candidates?
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help gain political power
help the candidate win by coalition building |
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What is the political party's role for elected officials?
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provide a common set of principals to help govern
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What is ideological centrism?
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the overall moderate nature of the american public opinion
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What is SMD (Single Member District)
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system in which the candidate who recieves the most number of votes in a district
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What is proportional representation?
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a system in which the party is awarded seats in the legislature in proportion to the percentage of popular vote
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What are Louisiana's 5 registered political parties.
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democrat
republican libertarian reform green |
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How do parties in Texas automatically qualify for a ballot.
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if they have won five percent of the votes cast for a state wide office in the most recent general election
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What do candidates from other parties have to collect from citizens.
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signatures
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The signatures collected have to equal what percent of the votes cast in the previous govenors election.
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1 percent
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How many signatures would have been required to be collected by candidates from other parties in 2004.
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45,000
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If you are a candidate that prefers to be an independent without a party label how many signatures do you have to obtain to acquire access to the ballot.
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1 percent of the votes cast in the last presidential election
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How many signatures would an independent candidate have had to obtain in 2004 in order to be put on the ballot.
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65,000
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What did the federal election campaign act award to major party candidates during the primary season.
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matching funds
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What did the federal election campaign act award to major party candidates during the general election campaign.
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full funding
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How can 3rd party and independent candidates collect public campaign funds.
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Once the election is over and only if they recieve a minimum of 5% of the total votes are they able to recieve funds
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Public funds are only available for what type of election?
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presidential
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How much did Ross Perot spend in the 1992 presidential race.
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60 million
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Did Ross Perot qualify for public financing in 1996.
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Yes
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The role of the major parties performs which six main functions.
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Recruit candidates
nominate candidates raise campaign funds register voters clarify issuses unite diverse interest |
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What is part of the reason why minor parties are not as successful.
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they tend to engage in platforms that embradce protest politics
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What are the four types of major 3rd parties.
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One Issue Party
Economic Protest Party Ideological Party Factinal/Splinter Party |
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What was the 1st anti-slavery party and was it successful.
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Liberty Party
no |
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What was the purpose of the Know Nothing party.
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limit Irish Catholic immigration
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Which party proposed a 21 year wait for citizenship.
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Know Nothing Party
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Who was the only unmarried president.
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James Buchanan
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What party opposed the expansion of slavery into the Western territories and acquired land in the west to keep it free but were not opposed to slavery where it currently existed.
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Free Soil Party
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What party was initially made of the anti-slavery Whigs and the liberty party and evenually this parties membership was absorbed by the republican party.
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Free Soil Party
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What parties platform was that free men on free soil made up morally and economically superior system to slavery.
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Free Soil Party
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What party was composed mainly of farmers and was organized to urge the circulation of paper money rather than gold in effort to keep currency in circulation
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Greenback Party
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What party gained most of its support in the south, midwest, and west.
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People's or Populist Party
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What party had a platform that encouraged the use of silver rather than gold and encouraged the gov't ownership of railroads, a graduated income tax, and the direct election of senators.
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People's or Populist Party
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What was the most prominent 3rd party of the 20th century.
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Socialist Party of America
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Who is the leader for the Socialist Party of America.
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Eugene Debs
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How many times did Eugene Debs run for presidency.
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5
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What were the three things that the Social Party of America wanted.
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Improved labor conditions,
improved housing and welfare legislation, increase in the number of individuals who could vote |
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What party has around 300,000 members,has been active since the 1980's and party platform promotes environmentalism,grass roots democracy,non-violence and commitment to social justice causes.
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Green Party
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Who ran for president in 1996 and 2000 which gained national attention for for the Green Party.
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Ralph Nader
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What party was founded in 1971 and currently has 200,000 members.
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Libertarian Party
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What party has a platform that encourages enhanced civil liberty protections, minimal regulation of migration across the borders and a basic government free business economy
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Libertarian Party
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What party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the republican nomination in 1912 and was created from a splint within the republican party
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Progrssive Party
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What party's nickname was the bullmoose party.
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Progressive Party
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When running on the ticket of the bull-moose party.
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Woodrow Wilson
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What was the splinter party from the democrats.
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American Independent Party
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Who is the American Independent Party candidate that ran for president in 1968.
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George Wallace
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What was the American Independent Party's platform.
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supported segregation,traditionalism,and the expansion of state's rights
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What party separated from one of two major parties?
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factinal/splinter
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What are 3 examples of One Issue?
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Liberty
Know Nothing Free Soil |
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What are two examples of Economic Protest?
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Greenback
People's or Populist |
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What are 3 examples of ideological?
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socialist party of America
green libertarian |
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What are two examples of Factinal/Splinter?
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progressive
American independent |
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What does article 2 of the constitution identify?
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the powers and duties of the executive branch
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Who is prohibited from becoming an elector?
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members of congress and those who hold federal offices
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How did the first plan suggest that the president should be elected?
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by Congress
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How did the second plan suggest the president should be elected?
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by the state legislatures
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How did the third plan suggest the president should be elected?
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direct election by the voters
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How did the fourth and final plan suggest that the president should be elected?
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electoral college
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How is the number of electoral votes given to a particular state determine?
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Add the number of members in the house and senate together
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What is the minimum electoral votes a state can have.
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3
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What amendment provided D.C. with three electoral votes.
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twenty third
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How many voting members does D.C. have in congress?
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none
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In which branch of Congress does D.C. have shadow representatives?
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house
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What is the total number of members in Congress?
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535
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What is the total number of members in the Senate?
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100
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What is the total number of members in the House of Representatives?
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435
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How many electoral votes are up for grabs?
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538
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In order to be elected President how many electoral votes must you receive?
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270
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How many electoral votes does Louisiana have?
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9
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How many states use the winner take all system?
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48
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Which two states do not use the winner take all system and what system do they use?
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Maine and Nebraska
use the district system |
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How are electors nominated in majority of the states?
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state party committee
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What day did Congress adopt for states to choose their electors.
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the Tuesday following the first Monday in November in years divisible by four
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What date did Congrss establish for electors to cast their balets in the state capitals?
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the Monday following the second Wednesday of December
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What do you call an elector who chooses to vote for someone other than the candidate that won the state?
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faithless elector
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How many times have there been votes cast by faithless electors?
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150 times
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How many states have past state pledge laws to require the elector to pledge to vote for the winning candidate?
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24
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What is the fine in North Carolina for faithless electors?
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$10,000
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The electors ballots are sent by certified mail to whom?
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president of the senate
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On what date are the ballots counted before a joint session of Congrss?
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January 6th
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When is the candidate with the majority sworn in?
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noon on January 20th
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If no candidate receives a majority who will pick the president?
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house of representatives
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How many times has the House of Representatives chose the President?
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twice
the election of 1800 and the election of 1824 |
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Who will select the vice president if no candidate receives the majority?
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the senate
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How many times has the senate choosen the vice president?
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once
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The election of 1800 resulted in a tie between which to candidates?
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Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
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In the election of 1824 which 4 candidates failed to receive the majority of the vote?
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John Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, And William Crawford
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Who did the House of Representatives elect president in 1824?
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John Quincey Adams
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John Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henery Clay, and William Crawford were all members of which political party/
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democratic republicans
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