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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Formal Politics
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Formal political institutions can determine the process for electing leaders; the roles and responsibilities of the executive and legislature; the organisation of political representation (through political parties); and the accountability and oversight of the state.
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Informal Politics
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Informal and customary political systems, norms and rules can operate within or alongside these formal political institutions.
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Political Science
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The branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the analysis of political activity and behaviour.
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Scientific Method
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A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
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Behaviouralism
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An approach in political science, which emerged in the 1930s in the United States. It represents a sharp break from previous political science. This is because it emphasized an objective, quantified approach to explain and predict political behaviour.
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Empirical
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based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
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Normative
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establishing, relating to, or deriving from a standard or norm, especially of behaviour
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Testable Hypothesis
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Educated guess containing both a dependent and independent variable which can be used in an experiment to be proven true or false through replication and repetitiveness in the same way.
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Political Culture
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The part of culture having to do with government and politics. Attitudes, beliefs and norms that people have developed toward government and politics. Represents the psychological dimension of politics. It also encompasses ideology.
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Parochial Culture
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Negative views of government, less citizen participation.
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Subject Culture
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Positive opinions, but the public remain uninvolved.
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Participatory Culture
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Public participation and expectations for government to participate as well.
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Polyarchal Government
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Unified.
Strong agreement, strong sense of efficacy More peaceful in nature, respectful debated (e.g. Canada, U.S.) |
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Fragmented Governement
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High levels of citizen engagement, low levels of agreement
Less stable, can lead to violence (e.g. Rwanda) |
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Collectivist Government
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Broad agreement but little citizen engagement
Engagement can be fruitless but also dangerous (e.g. Cuba) |
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Political Socialization
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The means by which a political culture is transmitted from generation to generation.
Main agents exist in political socialization where values, beliefs, and attitudes are conveyed. Main Agents of Political Socialization Family Schools Peer Groups Media |
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Pluralism
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Society made up of numerous groups competing for social, economic and political power. (classical)
Tied to interest groups Minorities rule or polyarchy (Dictionary): a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist. |
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Elitism
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The advocacy or existence of an elite as a dominating element in a system or society.
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Marxism
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the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism.
The Upper ruling class derived from means of production, and has control (Bourgeois). A revolution from the lower class (Proletariat) may result in equality. |
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Liberal Social Contract
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Imaginary state of nature: (individuals exist without government)
Individuals coming together to define how they will live. |
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Night Watchman State
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A form of government where the government's responsibilities are so minimal that they cannot be reduced much further without becoming a form of anarchy. They exist mostly fro security purposes.
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Utilitarianism
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The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Good of the many versus good of the few. |
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Liberalism
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Twentieth century ideology associated with free political institutions and religious toleration, as well as support for a strong role of government in regulating capitalism and constructing the welfare state.
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Communitarianism
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A theory or system of social organization based on small self-governing communities
Emphasizes the responsibility of the individual to the community and the social importance of the family unit. |
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General Will
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The will of the people as a whole. The term was made famous by 18th-century French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
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Globalization
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A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
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