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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who are the British? (name 7 decendents)
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1) Anglos-Saxons (germanic)
2) Vikings 3) Normans 4) Celtics 5) Romans 6) Neolithic people 7) Beaker people |
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Roman Interest in Britain
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-Fertile land
-wanted to expand their territory and trade -act of defense |
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Roman conquest
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-was successful because the Romans were
--better organized --had unified leadership --had better military tactics and training |
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Roman Changes
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-Religion: initially the British were polytheistic. Christianity was introduced later by the romans
-education: Britains started speaking and writing in Latin. Literacy increased -roads and infrastructure: trade and accesibility were increased -legal system: Roman laws replaced clannish laws |
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Roman Withdraw
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-5th century Romans withdraw from Britain to defend rome against german invaders
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Decline of Civilization
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-occurs due to Germanic invasion
-no reading or writing going on -known as Dark ages -no more unified Kingdom |
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St. Augustine's mission
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-sent by pope to "civilize" Britain
-brought Christianity -built churches/cathedrals |
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Effects of Christianity
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greater literacy and knowlege with the monks educating people
greater peace/less blood-thirsty |
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Anglo-Saxon legal code
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-created by Ethelburt
-calls for a more unified society -surprisingly democratic |
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Bede
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-an 8th century Anglo-Saxon monk that recorded teh history of his people
-england's first historian |
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Viking invasion
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-enormous setback development of anglo-saxon civilization
-christians less interested in killing people -vikings very successful -destroyed books, monistaries, and monks |
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Alfred the Great
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-rallies an argmy against the Vikings and defeats them
-realized if Anglo-Saxons wanted to survive they had to unify -believed in education, rebuilt monastiaries, wanted to reshape england |
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Ethelred the Unready
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-ordered massacre of Danish settlers in 1002
=Danegeld (danish tax to vikings) married a norman princess -through that marriage William the I was able to claim rights to English throne |
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Why Normans involved
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-Ethelred the unready has a son, Edward teh Confessor
-After Edward dies there is a dispute between edwards inlaws and ehtelreds inlaws to see who will be the next king -normans win dispute with William the Conqueror who conquers England |
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William the Conqueror
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-Norman king who won the english throne at the battle hastings (1066)
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Battle of Hastings 1066
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-English Harold vs. Norman William the Conqueror
-poorly trained english force -William won |
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Norman Changes
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-beginning of feudalism
-aristocracy goes from anglo-saxon to Norman -Trade: development of flourishing ports -Kings: norman kings are more authoritarian -more organized gov't |
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Domesday Book
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Record of English landholding compiled for tax purposes in 1085
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Feudalism
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- social system in medieval europe where the nobility held lands for the crown in exchange for military services and peasants lived on their lords and gave him homage, labor and a share of produce in exchange for protection
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Henry II
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-Ruled England AND western france 1154-1189
-accidently had his friend thomas becket killed when knights misunderstood him -rule of law and common law |
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Thomas Beckett
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-Arch bishop of canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170
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Rule of Law
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the idea that everyone is subject to the law
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common law
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past decision by judges about what the english consitution means
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John
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-King from Robin Hood
-Bad King -rose taxes on wealthy, waged expensive wars overseas -didn't consult with couselor or anyone else -poor miliaty leader, looses land in france |
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Magna Carta, later impact
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-always brought up as a basis for argument when british and later colonies ask for their rights to be protected
-helped develop rule of law and common law -can't take away these rights |
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Runnymede 1215
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-magna carta signed
-required john of england to proclaim certain rights pertaining to free men -king now subject to some laws |
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Great Council
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-set up by the magna carta where the king had to consult with a group of 25 barons
-not used a lot til Henry III |
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Habeas Corpus
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prevented crown from delaying trials and imprisoning without a cause
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Lords and Commons
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Great council starts to be called paliament under Henry III
-parliament of 1265 (under Henry III) ---nobels= house of lords ---each shire sends to knights and each city sends two burgeses (house of commons) |
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Knights, burgesses
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= great parliament of 1265: under Henry III
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Edward I
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Great Warrior who fought against Scotland and Wales
-builds castles - |
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Henry VI
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weak king, suffers military defeats
-high taxes -wife margaret rules the kingdom -war of roses )lancaster vs. york) |
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Lancaster vs. York
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-two families known for war of the roses
-w.o.r. started because henry VI was a weak king -war ended bc two boys murdered in the tower |
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Richard III
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SCUM! poissibly kills nephews at tower of london to get the throne
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William Caxton
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intoroduced printing press to england, printed bible
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Luther Calvin
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tacked the 95 thesis to the church door stating is objections with the catholic church
-believed we were saved by faith not works -calvin influenced knox |
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John knox
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Calvinist religious leader of scottish reformation
-spokesperson for puritanism queen elizabeth banned him from london for his popaganda work |
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Causes of Reformation
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-bible translated into many other langues
-people questioning church and clergy -henry VIII seeks divorce from his wife and establishes Anglican curch |
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act of Supremacy (1534)
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-officially severed ties with the catholic church and made henry VIII the head of the church of england
-all church swear loyalty to king |
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Henry VIII in charge of what?
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devolution of monaseries
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Mary I
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-daughter of Catherine of Aragon
-strong catholic -known as bloody mary -tried to undo everything her father had done by enforcing catholicism |
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Elizabeth I
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-Mary I half sister
-defeated spanish armada 1588 -protestant -goldden age of england -engaldn become naval superpower |
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Mary Queen of Scots
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-cousin to Elizabeth I
-killed by Elizabeth I -she was next heir -catholic |
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Jesuits
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-catholic preists sent by pope to convert british back to catholicism
-primary focus was to teach -got involved in political rebellion, plots to kill queen |
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Tudor Despotism
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not very much interaction with parliament
stronger state, navy, tax collection, judges arbitrary power pushed parliament to agree with their policies |
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parliament under tudors
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not much interaction, ignored
parliament simply agrees with Henry VIII, mary and Elizabeth I's policies tudor despotism |
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RASV
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Alfred the Great
Ethelred the Unready |
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Normans
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William the Conqueror
Henry II John Henry III Edward I Henry VI Richard III |
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Tudors
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Henry III
Mary I Elizabeth I |
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Stuart
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Mary Queen of Scots
James I Charles I Oliver Cromwell Charles II James II |
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William & Mary
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""
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Hanover
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George I
Geroge II George III |
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PM
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Robert Walpole
william pit clement atlee margaret thathcher tony blair |
