Poli 301- Intelligence And National Security

Front 1

What is Intelligence?

Back 1

Information relevant to a governments formulation and implementation of policy to further its national security and deal with threats.

Front 2

Why do we need intelligence?

Back 2

1) Avoid strategic surprise
2) Provide long-term expertise on countries, regions and security issues
3) Support policy process
4) Maintain secrecy of information

Front 3

What areas does intelligence cover?

Back 3

1) politics, 2) diplomacy, 3) economics, 4) military, 5) health

Front 4

What types of intelligence action exist?

Back 4

1) collection and processing, 2) analysis and assessment, 3) covert action, 4) counter intelligence

Front 5

What is foreign intelligence?

Back 5

Deals with national security and policy needs. Conducted by the CIA, DNI, NGA, NRO, and NSA.

Front 6

What is domestic intelligence?

Back 6

Used by law enforcement to protect against terrorism and espionage. Prosecuted under federal law. Conducted by FBI, DEA, DHS.

Front 7

What is an intelligence gap?

Back 7

A limit in the availability of information because of inadequate human or technical means.

Front 8

What is an intelligence failure?

Back 8

When adequate information exists but is ignored or not acted upon due to negligence, bureaucratic rivalries, inadequate training or oversight, or political interference.

Front 9

What pitfalls exist in intelligence?

Back 9

1) mirror imaging, 2) received opinion, 3) group think, 4) placing to much importance on secret information, 5) overlooking of intangibles

Front 10

mirror imaging

Back 10

believing other think the same as you do.

Front 11

received opinion

Back 11

everyone agrees with the accepted interpretation ("conventional wisdom")

Front 12

group think

Back 12

achieving consensus without critical analysis or examination of other possibilities.

Front 13

What types of information is considered intelligence?

Back 13

1) military plans, 2) foreign government information, 3) intelligence activities, 4) foreign relations relating to national security, 5) scientific and technological information

Front 14

How does Democracy and Intelligence exist together?

Back 14

1) U.S. intelligence must adhere to the rule of law, 2) Intelligence successes are kept secret while failures are often publicized

Front 15

How is cover action used?

Back 15

Covert action is not based on intelligence gathering. It must be authorized by the President and is never referred to publicly.

Front 16

Covert Action

Back 16

Extremely sensitive operations intended to influence political, economic, or military conditions abroad.

Front 17

What sis the National Security Act of 1947 create?

Back 17

1) National Security Council, 2) Secretary of Defense, 3) Joint Chiefs of Staff, 4) CIA

Front 18

What was the CIA's initial impact?

Back 18

Initially it was difficult for the CIA to gain cooperation from other agencies. In 1949, the CIA was given admin. authorities for conducting clandestine intelligence actions.

Front 19

What is new in todays intelligence community?

Back 19

A new position, the DNI, Director of National Intelligence was separated from the Director of the CIA's position. Intelligence has been expanded to include homeland security and there is increased cooperation and collaboration between departments.

Front 20

EO 11905

Back 20

(1976, Ford) Gave authority to DCI, assassinations were banned, and the Intelligence Oversight Board was created.

Front 21

EO 12333

Back 21

(1982, Reagan) Gave CIA more authority to help law enforcement, new NSC structure for reviewing intelligence activities.

Front 22

EO 13470

Back 22

(2008, Bush II) Updated role and responsibility of intelligence community to include DNI and DHS.

Front 23

What are the 16 member organizations of the intelligence community? Program Directors...

Back 23

1) CIA, 2) NRO, 3) NSA, 4) FBI, 5) DNI

Front 24

What are the 16 member organizations of the intelligence community? Service...

Back 24

1) Dept. of Army, 2) Dept. of Navy, 3) Dept. of Marine Corps. 4) Dept of Air Force, 5) Dept. of Coast Guard, 6) DIA

Front 25

What are the 16 member organizations of the intelligence community? Departmental...

Back 25

1) Dept. of Justice, 2) Dept. of State, 3) Dept. of Treasury, 4) Dept. of Energy, 5) Dept. of Homeland Security

Front 26

What is the DNI?

Back 26

Director of National Security. He works for the President, NSC and Homeland Security Council. He is the head of the intelligence community. He oversees the National Intelligence Program.

Front 27

What are the two intelligence budgets?

Back 27

1) NIP- National Intelligence Program, which was previously known as the NFIP, controlled by the DNI, and is classified. 2) MIP- Military Intelligence Program, which was formerly known as the JMIP, it is for the sole use of military intelligence.

Front 28

What challenges face the intelligence community?

Back 28

1) terrorism, 2) proliferation of WMDs, 3) counter-insurgency, 4) narcotics, 5) global economic situation, 6) health, 7) environment, 8) peacekeeping operations, 9) cyber security, 10) regionalstability

Front 29

What is NIPF, what does it do?

Back 29

National Intelligence Priority Framework. It is the DNIs method of prioritizing intelligence requirements. It is updated twice a year.

Front 30

What are the two intelligence budgets?

Back 30

NIP- National Intelligence Program, which was previously known as the NFIP, controlled by the DNI and is classified
MIP- Military Intelligence Program, formerly known as the JMIP is for the sole use of military intelligence.

Front 31

What challenges face the intelligence community?

Back 31

1) terrorism, 2) proliferation of WMD, 3) counter-insurgency, 4) narcotics, 5) global economic situation, 6) health, 7) environment 8) peacekeeping operations, 9) cyber security, 10) regional stability

Front 32

What is NIPF, what does it do?

Back 32

National Intelligence Project Framework
- DNI's method of prioritizing intelligence requirements
- updated twice a year

Front 33

What international laws exist in regards to interrogation?

Back 33

1) Geneva convention, 2) CAT- Convention Against Torture

Front 34

What executive branch mechanisms exist?

Back 34

1) PIAB- Presidents Intelligence Advisory Board, 2) IOB- Intelligence Oversight Board, 3) Inspector General

Front 35

What does PIAB do?

Back 35

1) quality intelligence, 2) analysis and estimates, 3) counterintelligence

Front 36

What does IOB do?

Back 36

1) committee of PIAB, 2) advises President on unlawful activities

Front 37

What does the Inspector General do?

Back 37

1) independent officers responsible for investigating potential violations of law, 2) CIA IG established after Iran- Contra Affair, reports directly to Congress

Front 38

What issues exist in executive oversight?

Back 38

1) violations of law, 2) disregard of executive order, 3) reviews of intelligence organizations, 4) presidential findings, 5) plausible deniability and how it is applied

Front 39

What Congressional mechanisms exist?

Back 39

1) HPSCI- house permanent select committee on intelligence, SSCI- Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, established in 1976, has rotating members and term limits
2) House and Senate Armed Services Committee, Sub committees for Defense produce annual appropriations
3) House and Senate Appropriations Committees
4) House and Senate Foreign Relations and Foreign Affairs Committee

Front 40

What areas does Congress have oversight?

Back 40

1) Budget, 2) Confirmations of senior intelligence agencies, 3) Investigations and hearings, 4) reports to congress

Front 41

What was the Hughs-Ryan Act of 1974, what prompted it, what did it cover?

Back 41

It was passed in response to Bay of Pigs, Chile & President Allende, and East and Asia and Vietnam. The law required Presidential approval, and Congressional notification, for covert action

Front 42

What did the INtelligence Oversight Act do?

Back 42

Reports required for HPSCI

Front 43

What uses and abuses exist in covert action?

Back 43

1) Iran-Contra Affair, 2) Resistance t Soviets in Afghanistan, 3) Philippine Elections, 4) Technology transfer

Front 44

What issues exist in Congressional oversight?

Back 44

1) protection of sensitive information, 2) Congress and the budget vs. the Constitution, 3) lying to Congress

Front 45

What changes have occurred in oversight?

Back 45

1) Patriot Act, 2) Intelligence Authorization Act, 3) EO 13470

Front 46

What is torture?

Back 46

An intense interrogation begun in 2002, focused on Al-Queda, these methods are now being questioned

Front 47

What is RFI's?

Back 47

Request for information

Front 48

What is NIPF?

Back 48

1National Intelligence Project Framework

Front 49

Who is an intelligence analyst?

Back 49

1) college graduate, 2) military and former military, 3) former academics, 4) focus of training on writing, analytic tools and techniques, and sound judgement.

Front 50

What is value-added intelligence?

Back 50

1) timely 2) objective 3) based on policy maker requirements, tailored to policy makers needs

Front 51

What is current vs. term analysis?

Back 51

current- most focused, resources are devoted to current intelligence
term- longer term analysis produces depth of expertise in target/ topic/ region

Front 52

What issues exist in intelligence analysis?

Back 52

1) competitive vs. cooperative analysis, 2) dealing with limited information and uncertainty, 3) politicized intelligence

Front 53

What are some pitfalls that exist in the analytic process?

Back 53

1) inability to determine what is important, 2) lack of collaboration, 3) mirror imaging, 4) jaded v. naive, 5) blind spots

Front 54

Why use structured analysis?

Back 54

1) complexity of international relations and intelligence problems in general, 2) ambiguities and questions about credibility of information from classified sources, 3) helps avoid "mindset" problems and other pitfalls